Plagiarism Quiz

Original Source Material
Even though the first digital prototype was not fully functional, designers were able to emulate playing the game by selecting diffusion activities and staff members. Through this interaction, designers noticed that players would need to move the mouse from one side of the monitor to the other for every single turn in the game. Designers also realized that the natural order of the “Activity” and “Staff members” sections were inverted because players need to first select an Information or Diffusion Activity and then select up to five staff members.
Reference
Lara, M. A., Myers, R., Frick, T. W., Aslan, S., & Michaelidou, T. (2010). A design case: Developing an enhanced version of the Diffusion Simulation Game. International Journal of Designs for Learning, 1(1). Retrieved from https://www.indiana.edu/~tedfrick/aDesignCaseIJDL2010.pdf
Student Version
The fact that players first had to select an activity and then select who to involve in the activity meant that the order of two sections (“Activity” and “Staff member”) were mixed up. This issue was observed through the use of an emulated version of the game since the initial digital prototype lacked some functionality.

Original Source Material
As a further example, APT queries and their results may be used to form rules for expert systems that become part of an intelligent computer-based instructional system. Such a system theoretically can optimize student learning by recommending instructional sequences (i.e., temporal patterns) that have high probabilities of resulting in student mastery. In other words, APT-based decision making by a computer program can provide an empirical foundation for artificial intelligence.
Reference
Frick, T. W. (1990). Analysis of patterns in time: A method of recording and quantifying temporal relations in education. American Educational Research Journal, 27(1), 180-204.

Student Version
The use of artificial intelligence to make instructional decisions has been identified by many authors. The analysis of patterns in time (APT) queries “may be used to form rules for expert systems” (Frick, 1990, p. 202) for use in education. APT-based decision making by a computer program can provide an empirical foundation for artificial intelligence.
Reference
Frick, T. W. (1990). Analysis of patterns in time: A method of recording and quantifying temporal relations in education. American Educational Research Journal, 27(1), 180-204.

Student Version
The patriarchal perspective of the maternal, particularly, the mother as a self-sacrificing individual whose identity fuses with that of the child, contrasts with the mother-child relationships in the text. The mother-daughter ego boundaries never merge in this autobiographical text.

Student Version
What does it mean to be “comfortable”? Real comfort is a puzzling concept that is more complex than the initial definitions we might come up with. Comfortable locations may be comfortable because “they have no inner contradictions, because there is no little restlessness disturbing them” (Alexander, 1979, p. 32).
Reference

Original Source Material
We considered a number of methods for measuring similarity between countries with respect to their mathematics attainment. A simple comparison of scale scores over time was rejected as this would limit the investigation to asking how much respondents from a country know on a given topic. Instead, we chose an item-level analysis that allows for a closer examination of what respondents in a given country know and how this compares to other countries.
Reference
Rutkowski, L., & Rutkowski, D. (2009). Trends in TIMSS responses over time: Evidence of global forces in education? Educational Research and Evaluation, 15(2), 137-152.

Student Version
We came up with several methods for assessing how closely related two classes were with regards to their reading ability. A straightforward contrasting of test scores was deemed unacceptable since this would make it challenging to determine what reading strengths students from a specific class had. We decided, instead, to focus on answers to specific test questions to be able to see how students in a particular class stacked up against other classes with respect to the particular test question

Original Source Material
While solitary negative reactions or unjustified suggestions for change have the potential to dissipate discourse rather than build it, the pattern analysis shows that the anonymous condition seemed to provide a safe explorative space for learners to try out more reasons for their multiple solutions. Teachers will rarely give anonymous feedback, but the experience of giving anonymous feedback may open a social space where learners can try out the reasons for their suggestions.
Reference
Howard, C. D., Barrett, A. F., & Frick, T. W. (2010). Anonymity to promote peer feedback: Pre-service teachers’ comments in asynchronous computer-mediated communication. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 43(1), 89-112.

Student Version
It is clear that “solitary negative reactions or unjustified suggestions for change have the potential to dissipate discourse” (Howard, Barrett, & Frick, 2010, p. 103). However, anonymity may give learners a context in which they can try providing solutions that are more thoroughly supported by an accompanying rational (Howard, Barrett, & Frick, 2010). Clearly, the positive and negative consequences that anonymity has on peer feedback must be considered.
Reference
Howard, C. D., Barrett, A. F., & Frick, T. W. (2010). Anonymity to promote peer feedback: Pre-service teachers’ comments in asynchronous computer-mediated communication. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 43(1), 89-112.

Student Version
In the end the design team created an online repository to document all the design decisions that were made. However, initially they held weekly meetings with emails and listservs providing additional means of communication.

Student Version
While newspapers sometimes serve as the venue where controversial ideas are published, avoiding controversy with the public and advertisers more often seems to be the unwritten but golden rule in newspaper editorials. Unlike television and radio, “newspapers do not have a federal license that might be taken away” (Simon, 2003, p. 67) so governments have less ability to influence newspaper content.
Reference
Simon, P. (2003). Our culture of pandering. Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University Press.

Student Version
With respect to the ego boundaries among the female characters in the text, Séllei (2009) suggests “They always stand apart but close, always in relation to each other, always in a mental and spiritual proximity, but as presented by the text, never threatening each other’s subjectivity” (p. 180). Séllei then goes on to contrast the text’s representation of the maternal with traditional patriarchal representations.
Reference
Séllei, N., (2009) The mother in mourning as the subject of autobiography in Rosamond Lehmann’s The swan in the evening: Fragments of an inner life. In A. O’Reilly, & S. Caporale-Bizzini (Eds.). From the personal to the political: Toward a new theory of maternal narrative (pp. 170-182). Cranbury, NJ: Susquehanna University Press.

Original Source Material
You could even skip the debate and simply concentrate on getting letters to candidates. The key is to act. Concentrate on two or three issues at the most. If you write on twelve topics, you dissipate the effect. Keep the letter short, one page if possible, two at the most. Your lawmakers and their staffs are busy and are not likely to do more than glance at a long letter.
Reference
Simon, P. (2003). Our culture of pandering. Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University Press.

Original Source Material
It is not expected that the aspects of a design case which excite the authors are precisely what reviewers see as the case’s true points of merit. I was excited to write my design case because I felt it was novel, but novelty is not necessarily an asset to a design case. A design that is unusual or new forces the author to explain its complexity with more precision.
Reference
Howard, C. D. (2011). Writing and rewriting the instructional design case: A view from two sides. International Journal of Designs for Learning, 2(1), 40-55.

Student Version
I thought that aspects of a design case which excite the authors are precisely what reviewers see as the case’s true points of merit. Turns out I was wrong. What the authors and reviewers see as important are not always the same things.
Reference
Howard, C. D. (2011). Writing and rewriting the instructional design case: A view from two sides. International

Original Source Material
Many physical education and health curricula have been developed to foster active, healthy lifestyles through various learning outcomes and objectives. Although such a goal may be desired and valued by our society, ways to achieve this goal are less understood. If elementary physical education is to assist children in developing skills and understanding that will serve as the foundation for future activities, then educators at all levels need to develop ways to foster these skills and understanding across numerous types of activities.
Reference
Mandigo, J. L., & Anderson, A. T. (2003). Using the pedagogical principles in net/wall games to enhance teaching effectiveness. Teaching Elementary Physical Education, 14(1), 8-11.

Student Version
While society may broadly appreciate and desire educational objectives that can help people lead healthy lives, the exact approaches necessary to reach these desired outcomes are not well understood. Mandigo and Anderson (2003) highlight the need for educators “to develop ways to foster these skills and understandings across numerous types of activities” (p. 8) as an important step towards making this desire a reality.
Reference
Mandigo, J. L., & Anderson, A. T. (2003). Using the pedagogical principles in net/wall games to enhance teaching effectiveness. Teaching Elementary Physical Education, 14(1), 8-11.