Week 1 Summative Assessment

A  Information about consumers that is sold by companies to other entities, including the government, typically contains misinformation.

B  People believe that companies who gather and store their data are the best stewards of the data they collect and distrust most forms of oversight.

C  User privacy is violated through mishandling of information, location tracking, and snooping, and people are afraid of the misuse of their personal data

D  Consumers tend to be suspicious of any website offering free services, leading to a decline in social media use.

A  Television watching has led to a decline in interest in science and engineering and a decrease in inventions and innovation throughout the world.

B  Declining social relationships as well as a decrease in reading and physical activity, especially among children, have been attributed to excessive television viewing.

C  Promoting commercial, social, and political agendas on television has increased confusion about what is best for families and communities.

D  Advertisements on television have led to growing discontent among children and youth who have developed an entitlement syndrome and expect to have everything they want.

A  The government agencies in charge of assigning frequencies were often interested in controlling the transmitted content, resulting in censorship and propaganda

B  Government oversight resulted in issues with approval of what could be advertised, which in the United States was the major source of financing for radio stations.

C  Radio broadcasting became so popular that the government was not able to keep up with approvals for requests for licenses for new radio stations.

D  Because the technology was so new, the government did not have employees who understood what radio stations needed, and many delays in radio broadcasting occurred.

A  The wireless telegraph required someone who was highly trained to operate it, and unfortunately there were not enough people trained to meet the demand.

B  Messages sent through the wireless telegraph were very expensive, and only the wealthy could afford to pay the high prices for the convenience.

C  The early wireless telegraph was highly controlled by the United States government, and it was only allowed to be used in activities related to war and and national security.

D  The messages had to pass through public air space, and ownership and regulation of the airwaves had yet to be determined.

A  Morse code, the system used to send messages, was notoriously tricky to learn and interpret, so many people avoided using it.

B  The telegraph was limited in its usage because the equipment was only available in the eastern United States—access proved to be a major hindrance in other areas.

C  Because telegraph messages could take days to be sent, communication was limited, and people often chose to write letters instead.

D  Because the telegraph required a network of wires on wooden poles, extending it over long distances was very expensive and took a lot of resources.

A  History based on detailed archival records should be the only history allowed in schools and universities in order to reduce the risk that inaccurate information is taught

B  Many common beliefs in the past have now been debunked because people are no longer susceptible to misinformation and untruths.

C  History is dependent on people with their own limitations and biases. We should recognize our own limitations and tendency to compare past events to our modern-day expectations.

D  The recounting of what happened long ago is less likely to be accurate because human intelligence was not as advanced as it is today.

A  The invention of the microchip allowed people to start businesses from anywhere, as they are now able to connect wirelessly to resources that previously required a wired connection.

B  Innovation in microchip technology has allowed for information of all types to be shared digitally through small portable devices.

C  The microchip has made it possible for companies besides Texas Instruments to increase their profit margins and return on investment for their shareholders.

D  The invention of the microchip has led to the transformation of all companies around the world and allowed these companies to become multinationals for a very small cost.

A  Press coverage on television was used as a way to present both sides of the issue, and television became a platform for education.

B  The national programming affiliations of local television stations allowed people to see and learn about parts of the country they had never been to before.

C  Television allowed companies that supported the civil rights movement to advertise across the nation and gave them more exposure and power.

D  What was seen on television, including violence toward protestors, supplanted what was written in newspapers or heard on radio and shifted opinions in favor of an egalitarian society.

A  Photography greatly enlarged human capacity to communicate and express ideas and also enhanced the printed word in books and newspapers.

B  As photography advanced, scientists were able to expand their knowledge of the science of how light affected certain chemicals and use this knowledge in many ways to benefit others.

C  Photography made it possible to meet the demand for portraitures—many of which still remain—for the middle class, which arose in that same time because of the Industrial Revolution.

D  The invention of the daguerreotype made it possible for humans to capture fine details in just a few minutes of exposure and made it affordable for common people to have pictures.

A  Writings like the scrolls are an example of how people were able to communicate with others in different locations and beyond their own times using a more portable medium.

B  Writings such as the scrolls have been used by historians to verify the authenticity of some of the text of the Hebrew Bible as well as shed light on the culture of the day.

C  The writings were of significance because they were examples of artifacts of importance and antiquity pertaining to the history and culture of the region

D  Because the scrolls were hidden for around 2,000 years, they reflect a medium of communication that was unknown in the modern world until they were discovered.

A  Determining market response is best measured by how much it costs to produce a product, in this case the video, and how much return on investment is achieved.

B  Measuring market responses has become more effective over the years as individuals, such as the videographer in this case, are able to sell their products and services quickly.

C  What used to take days or weeks of manual data gathering has now been replaced with online tools that provide instantaneous feedback to measure success, such as the number of views on YouTube.

D  The best way to measure market responses is by audience reaction, which in this case was indicated by networks contacting the videographer and rescuers appearing on television.

A  The radio dramatization, the original medium of delivery, spurred newspaper reporting as another medium of delivery, which extended the reach and effectiveness of the program

B  Because radio is a medium of mass communication, any programming using this method should be considered effective.

C  The people who listened to the radio dramatization and panicked were probably more susceptible to suggestion, and so the program was very effective for them.

D  Because the radio broadcast had few listeners, mass dissemination relied mainly on shared relationships between listeners who received the message.

A  President Carter knew that he wielded an extreme amount of influence as the president of the most powerful country in the world, and he wasn’t afraid to use the power

B  Successful group communication requires a strong personality to keep people engaged, and President Carter provided that for the peace treaty talks.

C  Because he did not give up and would not let President Sadat and Prime Minister Begin leave, President Carter was able to achieve a peace treaty that no one thought possible.

D  President Carter communicated the strategic objective, peace between the two countries, and acted as the glue that kept the group together and talking.

A  Because people were familiar with Diana in the media, she could establish relationships quickly because people felt they already knew her.

B  Because Diana was royalty, people automatically respected her and she was better able to communicate effectively with others.

C  Diana’s great beauty and the public’s perception of her as a fashion icon made it easier for her to have the confidence she needed to engage with others

D  Diana’s passion and purpose to alleviate suffering in the world made her determined to convince others to join her in her causes.

A  The greatest noise is that they cannot hear each other over the sounds of the swords as they strike each other.

B  The greatest noise is the psychological effect of Inigo’s intense need for revenge and the physiological danger of the sword fight.

C  The greatest noise is the high volume at which both of the men speak as they fight.

D  The greatest noise is the setting of the castle and the location in which the sword fight takes place.

A  The message sent by President Lincoln to the audience, which included Everett, was encoded in such a way that all received it in the way for which it was intended.

B  The message sent by Everett notified President Lincoln that no semantic problems had occurred during the transmission of the Gettysburg Address, and the
communication had been successful.

C  When Everett decoded the message, he misunderstood President Lincoln’s intent, and his feedback showed a lack of true understanding and communication.

D  President Lincoln encoded the message, which was decoded and understood by Everett, one of the recipients. Everett’s message to President Lincoln provided feedback.

A  Madden’s role as a trusted sender was enhanced by his ability to connect with the audience, his down-to-earth attitude, and his vast knowledge of football.

B  Madden’s role as a likable receiver was enhanced by his larger-than-life personality, which made people trust him and listen to him.

C  Madden’s role as a credible channel came because he wasn’t afraid to call out players for their mistakes, and because people trusted him, they were

D  Madden’s role as a believable message allowed him to connect with the football players and the other sportscasters, causing audiences to view him as a credible commentator.

A  People who were recruited for work at Bletchley Park were identified as educated, problem solvers, and good with language, all important elements of the Shannon-Weaver model.

B  Because the messages being sent were encoded, the Shannon-Weaver model, which focuses on encoding and decoding, is the most useful model for this situation.

C  The Shannon-Weaver model focuses on technological challenges and can easily be applied to the technical problems faced when using machines to break

D  The communications that were decrypted at Bletchley Park were a result of the intense focus on the development of people who likely understood the Shannon-Weaver model.

A  The radio message answered the questions of who said what, and the receiving station was able to pass on the message to other observation posts.

B  The message’s components were communicator, content, channel, and audience, and it achieved its purpose of notifying the USGS about the eruption.

C  The message connected the sender to the receiver, but those at the receiving station had trouble understanding what he meant due to noise.

D  The message was encoded by the messenger, Dr. Johnston, and decoded by the USGS station to alert others of the imminent eruption.

A  Successfully translating the hieroglyphics made it possible for Champollion to be recognized as the most brilliant philologist of his time.

B  Champollion was driven to achieve and finish something that had previously been unachievable by English scholars.

C  Deciphering the hieroglyphics was an amazing achievement for the French, who had lost the Rosetta Stone when Bonaparte’s army was defeated.

D  Scholars like Champollion, as well as most humans, have an inherent desire to learn and a need to share information.