Types and Sources of Stem Cells

A  none of these are correct

B  pluripotent

C  multipotent

D  totipotent

E  impotent

A  can undergo self-renewing divisions for the lifetime of a healthy animal.

B  will occasionally produce epidermal cells when necessary.

C  can produce only red blood cells.

D  will express all the same transcription factors as those found in an unfertilized egg.

A  have appropriate organelles and proteins which enable them to carry out functions required for a particular tissue

B  are multipotent

C  are fully mature cells

D  have restricted proliferative capacity

E  all of these are TRUE of terminally differentiated cells

A  Body plan not yet apparent at this stage of development.

B  Not possible to predict whether embryo will be able to develop to term.

C  Many cells will not form new human, but will give rise to extraembryonic tissue such as placenta which support pregnancy.

D  Embryo does not yet necessarily represent a unique individual (twins can form up to 14 days).

E  all of these are TRUE of the blastocyst stage of development

A  the hematopoietic stem cell must first generate a cell of the myeloid lineage (as opposed to the lymphoid lineage), then a granulocyte/macrophage progenitor, then a monocyte, and finally a macrophage.

B  The hematopoietic stem cell gives rise to a variety of cells referred to as granulocytes, any one of which can differentiate further into a macrophage.

C  The hematopoietic stem cell can follow two paths, one called lymphoid and the other called myeloid, either of which can ultimately give rise to macrophages and other cell types such as osteoclasts and T cells.

D  the hematopoietic stem cell divides, giving rise to a daughter cell that remains a stem cell and a daughter cell that differentiates directly into a macrophage.

E  the hematopoietic stem cell can give rise to either a lymphoid progenitor or a myeloid progenitor; the myeloid progenitor differentiates directly into a macrophage.

A  can produce only red blood cells.

B  can undergo self-renewing divisions for the lifetime of a healthy animal.

C  will occasionally produce epidermal cells when necessary.

D  will express all the same transcription factors as those found in an unfertilized egg.

A  can give rise to all tissues and cell types in the body except germ cells.

B  come from the inner cell mass of early embryos.

C  can only be grown in the laboratory.

D  can be made in the lab from human iPS cells.

A  False

B  True

A  they are also called somatic stem cells.

B  scientists are unsure where they reside in most tissues.

C  they have the ability to differentiate into every kind of cell in the human body.

D  they are found in many different tissue types.

A  A specialized cell who can only generate cells of the same type

B  An unspecialized cell with the ability to create specialized cells

C  A cell only found in the stem of plants.

A  All types of specialized cells

B  Specialized brain cells and specialized skin cells

C  Only specialized brain cells

D  Only specialized blood cells

A  Transdifferentiation

B  Inner cell mass (ICM)

C  Directed differentiation

D  Bone marrow stromal cells

E  Parthenogenesis

A  Stem cells are fully differentiated cells that reside under the surface of epithelia, in position to take over the function of the tissue when the overlying cells become damaged or worn out.

B  Stem cells are determined cells that reside in fully differentiated tissues and can, when needed, differentiate to supply new cells for growth of the tissue.

C  Stem cells are differentiated cells that have yet to express the genes and proteins characteristic of their differentiated state, and do so when needed for repair of tissues and organs.

D  Stem cells are embryonic cells that persist in the adult, and can give rise to all of the cell types in the body.

E  Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide asymmetrically, giving rise to one daughter that remains a stem cell and one daughter that will differentiate to replace damaged and worn out cells in the adult tissue or organ.

A  the movement of cells.

B  the cell’s sensitivity to environmental cues, such as light or heat.

C  the transcription of the myoD gene.

D  the selective loss of certain genes from the genome.

E  the production of tissue-specific proteins, such as muscle actin.

A  Mitosis

B  Meiosis and proliferation

C  Meiosis

D  Self renewal and Unspecialized cells which can specialize

A  blastocysts generated during IVF

B  adult bone marrow

C  miscarried embryos

D  all of these

A  can only be grown in the laboratory.

B  can be made in the lab from human iPS cells.

C  can give rise to all tissues and cell types in the body except germ cells.

D  come from the inner cell mass of early embryos.

A  For donation to another couple trying to have a baby.

B  For implantation later on, if the couple decides to have another baby.

C  all of these

D  For production of embryonic stem cells.