In Ryan and Jetha’s article on the social organization of our ancestors, they argue that the separate spheres, monogamous, two-person heterosexual nuclear family model that we call “traditional” or “natural” was created in the response to:

1. the shift to farming and agriculture.
2. the Big Bang.
3. the introduction of Christianity.
4. the American Revolution.

Ryan and Jetha’s term “detribalization” refers to:

1. the fact that human nature is unchangeable, regardless of what tribe you belong to.
2. the recognition that we all possess cultural biases and assumptions.
3. the disbanding of Native American tribes during the colonial period.
4. the removal of tribal, racial, and ethnic labels and identifying everyone as “human.”

What is problematic about looking to our primate ancestors to understand human gender difference?

1. Humans have the capacity to reason and animals do not; so there is no comparison between the two.
2. It is unclear what species we should use as the standard of measurement, and different species exhibit different behaviors between the males and females
3. Humans have the capacity of language, and animals do not; so there is no comparison between the two.
4. Many people will be offended.

Emily Martin argues that using gendered language in scientific accounts of the egg and the sperm is problematic because:  

1. it is inappropriate to use gender-neutral language in science.
2. it claims some sperm are weak.
3. it describes eggs as fast and aggressive.
4. it provides further justification for prevailing gender inequality.

The existence of the Mosuo women of southwest China demonstrates that:

1. men are not happy living in matriarchal societies.
2. matriarchies do not run as efficiently as patriarchal societies.
3. patriarchy is not the standard for every human society.
4. girls still feel bad about themselves despite women being in power.

Someone who identifies as having a Difference of Sex Development (DSDs) refers to person:

1. who is born physically female but identifies as a man
2. whose chromosomes do not match their sexual anatomy.
3. who dresses in women’s clothing.
4. who is born physically male but identifies as a woman

One of the pioneers of “normalization” surgery, Dr. John Money believed that:

1. parents should be the only ones to decide on a sex for their baby if they are born with ambiguous genitalia.
2. gender identity is malleable for about the first 18 months of an infant’s life.
3. society has a duty to create a third gender to include intersex people.
4. intersex people should wait until they are 18 to decide to have surgery or not.

According to the experiences of the intersex people interviewed in the XXXY video, intersex infants should:

1. wait until they are older to decide if they want to have surgery.
2. be adopted to a more receptive family.
3. undergo hormone therapy.
4. be assigned a sex as soon as possible.

All of the following are reported side effects of “normalization” surgery except:

1. possible sterilization.
2. painful scarring.
3. increased height.
4. reduced sexual sensitivity.

 Baby “M” Crawford is:

1. the first baby to die from infant “normalization” surgery.
2. the first case to challenge intersex surgery on infants and win.
3. the first intersex baby to be labeled a third gender.
4. the first baby to have successful infant “normalization” surgery.

Evolutionary and biological theories of gender are classified by Schilt as:

1. natural differences schema.
2. doing gender schemas.
3. symbolic interactionist theories.
4. social constructionist schemas.

What does it mean to say that gender identity is socially constructed?

1. There is no such thing as gender identity.
2. Gender identities are both voluntary and coerced.
3. Individuals are not responsible for their gender identities because they have been so strongly shaped by society
4. Individuals do not have any choice to creating their gender identities since biological is responsible for gender.

What are the areas that distinguish a social constructionist schema from other schemas that attempt to explain gender difference?

1. Gender can understood by looking at our closest primate ancestors.
2. Gender varies greatly, is produced in interactions, and is embedded in institutions.
3. Gender can be understood by looking at certain chromosomes.
4. Gender can be understood by looking at the different brain structures of men and women.

According to Schilt’s data, most men who came of age in the gender clinic era have a/an ___________ understanding of gender.

1. essentialist.
2. sociocultural.
3. open identity.
4. transformable.

One critique of the biological diversity frame of transgender identity according to Schilt is that:

1. scientific findings dispute this claim.
2. it differs too much from prevailing frames related to gay, lesbian, and bisexuality.
3. this frame has not been helpful in the political movement for trans equality.
4. it does not challenge beliefs about the naturalness of the male/female binary.