Chapter 2 – Transplantations and Borderlands

The Early Chesapeake

• Colonists and Natives
  • Jamestown’s early ordeal
  • John Smith
  • Powhatan Confederacy

• Reorganization and Expansion
  • The “starving time”
    • De La Warr’s harsh discipline
  • The tobacco economy
  • The headright system
  • House of Burgesses
  • Slavery
    • Indentured servants
  • Pocahontas
  • Demise of the Virginia Company

• Maryland and the Calverts
  • George and Cecilius Calvert
  • “Act Concerning Religion”
  • House of Delegates
  • Tobacco cultivation

• Bacon’s Rebellion
  • William Berkeley’s long tenure
  • “Backcountry” resentment
  • Consequences of Bacon’s Rebellion

Growth of New England

• Plymouth Plantation
  • Motives of English Separatists
  • Plymouth founded
  • Pilgrim-Indian interaction

• The Massachusetts Bay Experiment
  • Massachusetts Bay Company
  • Winthrop’s “city upon a hill”

• The Expansion of New England
  • Connecticut
    • Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
  • Roger Williams and Rhode Island
  • Anne Hutchinson
  • New Hampshire and Maine

The Growth of New England (1620 – 1750)

• The European settlement of New England traces its origins primarily to two small settlements on the Atlantic Coast.
• The first was the Pilgrim settlement at Plymouth, which began in 1620 and spread out through Cape Cod, southern Massachusetts, and the islands of Martha’s Vineyard and Nantucket. The second, much larger settlement began in Boston in 1630 and spread rapidly through western Massachusetts, north into New Hampshire and Maine, and south into Connecticut.

• Settlers and Natives
  • Importance of Indian assistance
  • Shifting attitudes

• King Philip’s War and the Technology of Battle
  • Metacomet
  • Flintlock muskets

A Pequot Village Destroyed

• An English artist drew this view of a fortified Pequot village in Connecticut surrounded by English soldiers and their allies from other tribes during the Pequot War in 1637.
• The invaders massacred more than 600 residents of the settlement.

The Restoration Colonies

• The English Civil War
  • Oliver Cromwell
  • The Restoration of the monarchy

• The Carolinas
  • Charles Town
    • Anthony Ashley Cooper
    • Fundamental Constitution for Carolina
  • Close ties with the Caribbean
  • Carolina divided

• New Netherland, New York, and New Jersey
  • New Amsterdam seized
  • New York
  • New Jersey

• The Quaker Colonies
  • The Quakers
  • Pennsylvania established
  • Charter of Liberties

Borderlands and Middle Grounds

• Complex cultural interactions
• The Caribbean Islands
  • The English Caribbean
  • Sugar and slavery

• Masters and Slaves in the Caribbean
• Harsh conditions for slaves
• Slave culture and resistance

• The Southwest Borderlands
  • Spain’s New World empire
  • Spanish outposts in North America
  • California
  • French and Spanish claims

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• The Southeast Borderlands
• The Spanish threat

• The Founding of Georgia
  • Oglethorpe’s mission
  • Georgia founded
  • Georgia’s political evolution

• Middle Grounds
  • Middle ground accommodation and adaptation
  • Elements of a precarious peace
  • The shifting balance of power
    • Europeans and natives

The Development of Empire

• The Navigation Acts
• The Dominion of New England
  • Lords of Trade
  • Sir Edmund Andros

• The “Glorious Revolution”
  • Dominion of New England abolished
  • “Leislerians” and “anti-Leislerians”
  • The Crown’s power