Midterm Exam

A  desegregate

B  pray

C  take standardized tests

D  be bused

A  is a prior restraint

B  is critical of the government

C  creates a clear and present danger

D  qualifies as hate speech

A  the Roth test

B  symbolic speech

C  prior restraint

D  probable cause

A  right to travel

B  right to marry

C  right to privacy

D  right to vote

A  trials without a jury

B  double jeopardy

C  self-incrimination

D  unreasonable search and seizure

A  Tenth

B  Fifteenth

C  Third

D  Eighth

A  benefiting financially from that crime

B  being tried again for the same crime

C  seeking the assistance of an attorney

D  asserting innocence

A  family

B  commerce

C  privacy

D  sexual freedom

A  recitation of prayer and Bible passages in school

B  displays of religious symbols during holidays

C  teaching of evolution in school

D  displays of religious symbols on government buildings

A  an inconvenient truth

B  any additional constraints

C  an undue burden

D  a prior restraint

A  a phone call

B  speak to an attorney

C  quick and speedy trial

D  a jury trial

A  Prior Restraint

B  Free Exercise

C  Orange

D  Lemon

A  that is illegal

B  that is critical of the government

C  after the fact

D  before the fact

A  The state could do very little to limit a woman’s right to an abortion.

B  The state could ban it.

C  The state could regulate it if the mother’s life were in danger.

D  The state could ban the abortion unless the mother’s life was in danger.

A  property loss

B  actual malice

C  a written record

D  witnesses

A  free exercise

B  incorporation

C  establishment

D  eminent domain

A  the right to parole

B  reasonable bail

C  a written indictment

D  assistance of counsel

A  libel; slander

B  slander; libel

C  libel; defamation

D  slander; defamation

A  New York Times v. Sullivan

B  US v. Morrison

C  Lawrence v. Texas

D  Roe v. Wade

A  It lowers voter turnout.

B  It increases the gross domestic product.

C  It increases citizens’ access to government.

D  It lowers overall tax rates.

A  the quality of policies can vary from state to state.

B  citizens can choose to live in those areas that have the policies they prefer

C  states can figure out which policies work best for them

D  the state governments can nullify laws passed by Congress

A  A constitutional arrangement concentrating power in a central government.

B  A constitutional arrangement by which two or more levels of government share formal authority over the same area and people.

C  A loose association of states with mutually recognized compacts but no central government.

D  A loose association of states constitutionally created by a strong central government.

A  layer-cake

B  marble-cake

C  cupcake

D  pineapple-upside-down-cake

A  block grants

B  categorical grants

C  programmatic requests

D  business grants

A  operate prisons

B  create courts

C  coin money

D  establish schools

A  equal protection

B  due process

C  supremacy

D  full faith and credit

A  progressive

B  combined

C  dual

D  cooperative

A  new federalism

B  cooperative federalism

C  dual federalism

D  progressive federalism

A  oligarchy

B  conglomeration

C  direct democracy

D  confederation

A  challenging the power of the states

B  regulating interstate commerce

C  limiting the national government

D  centralizing power in the federal government

A  Twelfth

B  Sixth

C  Eleventh

D  Third

A  excavation

B  devolution

C  redevelopment

D  evolution

A  equal protection

B  commerce

C  due process

D  full faith and credit

A  Tenth

B  Fourteenth

C  Eleventh

D  Eighth

A  Federalism

B  Independence

C  Declaration

D  Confederation

A  Affirmative action discriminates on the basis of race.

B  Unaddressed past discrimination causes perpetual inequality.

C  Diversity helps Americans better understand each other.

D  Discrimination is a natural part of the human experience.

A  School segregation violated the Fourteenth Amendment’s guarantee of equal protection.

B  The quality of life for African Americans in the South had deteriorated considerably since the adoption of the separate-but-equal doctrine.

C  The separate-but-equal doctrine was never intended to apply to people.

D  The Supreme Court did not have all of the facts when it adopted the separate-but-equal doctrine.

A  because it was clear that many areas in the South had no intention of living up to the spirit of the Fifteenth Amendment

B  because Congress was afraid the Reverend Martin Luther King Jr. would lead a boycott of white businesses if the legislation was not passed

C  the Supreme Court had determined that only the national government could regulate elections

D  to prevent the race riots from spreading from African American neighborhoods into traditionally white neighborhoods

A  All forms of affirmative action are unconstitutional because they unfairly favor some people over others based on the color of their skin.

B  Affirmative action policies must ensure that all racial and ethnic groups are represented in accordance with the population of the nation as a whole.

C  Affirmative action policies are assumed to be unconstitutional unless the university can demonstrate the need to promote racial tolerance.

D  Affirmative action policies are generally permissible, but they cannot involve race-based quotas or numerical point systems.

A  It has had little effect because it was not formally adopted.

B  It has eliminated gender discrimination in the military.

C  It has ensured that the courts evaluate gender discrimination using the inherently suspect test.

D  It has ensured that men and women are treated equally in the workplace.

A  a legal prohibition on hiring women for positions that are known to be hazardous to women’s reproductive health

B  an election jurisdiction that does not provide bilingual ballots when there is a large bilingual community

C  a college that spends significantly more on sports programs for men than for women

D  an employer who systematically pays women less than men for doing comparable work

A  Businesses cannot discriminate against gays and lesbians in hiring and promotion decisions.

B  Those without a college degree are not eligible for upper-level civil service jobs.

C  Male and female student athletes cannot compete on the same basketball team at the university level.

D  Government contracts must be awarded to a contractor who is a racial minority whenever at least 10 percent of the bidders are minority-owned businesses.

A  setting aside a certain percentage of admissions slots for African American students

B  considering how an applicant would contribute to the diversity of the university

C  considering race as a factor in university admissions decisions

D  admitting some minority applicants with lower academic achievement than some rejected white applicants

A  affirmative action policies must be designed to address past discrimination without taking into account race, ethnicity, religion, or creed

B  affirmative action policies maybe broadly tailored to accomplish a compelling government interest

C  affirmative action policies are subject to an intermediate standard whereby they are presumed to be permissible

D  affirmative action policies must be scrutinized using the same suspect standard that is used for other policies classifying people by race

A  Asian Americans

B  American Indians

C  disabled Americans

D  gays and lesbians

A  Railroad transportation involves interstate commerce, which is regulated by Congress; there is no provision in federal law that prohibits segregation.

B  The Constitution does not prohibit segregation; it only mandates equal protection under the law.

C  What was the basis for the Supreme Court’s decision in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) that upheld the constitutionality of a state law requiring segregated railroad facilities?

D  Former slaves are not entitled to full citizenship rights because they did not immigrate to the United States willingly.

A  It was legally permissible.

B  It did not pass the strict scrutiny test, and the internment was promptly terminated.

C  It was unconstitutional, and Japanese Americans must be duly compensated.

D  It was unconstitutional, but it was too late to do anything about it.

A  voter discrimination

B  racial segregation

C  lynchings by the Ku Klux Klan

D  racial quotas

A  eligible to vote

B  citizens

C  property or chattel

D  separate but equal

A  grandfather clauses

B  Jim Crow laws

C  racial quotas in university admissions

D  all forms of affirmative action

A  nonvoters

B  winning candidates

C  losing candidates

D  voters

A  Korematsu v. United States

B  the Nineteenth Amendment

C  the 1965 Voting Rights Act

D  Reed v. Reed

A  economic status

B  involvement in insurrection

C  race

D  property ownership

A  equal protection

B  jurisdiction

C  due process

D  privileges and immunities

A  natural law

B  congressional inaction

C  judicial interpretation

D  national referendum

A  by a two-thirds vote in a special election called for the purpose of voting on the amendment

B  by a two-thirds vote in each house of Congress

C  by a majority of state governors

D  by a majority of voting-age citizens

A  stronger protections of individual liberties

B  stronger state governments

C  shorter terms of office

D  a stronger national government

A  the right to revolt

B  the consent of the governed

C  the divine right of kings

D  government itself

A  Whigs

B  The Federalists

C  Anti-Masons

D  The Anti-Federalists

A  Democratic Plan

B  Virginia Plan

C  New Jersey Plan

D  Republican Plan

A  The Constitution created a stronger national government than did the Articles of Confederation.

B  The Constitution was based on democratic principles; the Articles of Confederation was based on tyrannical principles.

C  The Constitution contained strong protections for individual rights; the Articles of Confederation contained strong protections for collective rights.

D  The Constitution contained stronger safeguards for states’ rights than did the Articles of Confederation.

A  privileges and immunities

B  weights and measures

C  checks and balances

D  oversight and influence

A  direct popular election

B  King Caucus

C  People’s Plebiscite

D  electoral college

A  a single chamber with each state receiving equal power

B  two chambers

C  a single chamber whose members were appointed by the president

D  a single chamber with membership based on a state’s population

A  unlawful detention

B  infringement of religious freedom

C  taxation of private property

D  free speech infringement

A  Gramm Rudman

B  John Locke

C  Daniel Shays

D  John Boehner

A  a form of due process

B  a commercial act

C  free speech

D  a private action

A  executive

B  legislative

C  bureaucratic

D  judicial

A  27

B  15

C  36

D  10

A  the Committees of Correspondence

B  the Continental Congress

C  the Common Sense Committee

D  the Constitutional Convention

A  Magna Carta

B  the Declaration of Independence

C  the Articles of Confederation

D  Declaration of the Rights of Man

A  natural rights

B  positive rights

C  intrinsic laws

D  Constitutional law

A  Political socialization is more important to governments than to individuals.

B  Children who develop positive feelings toward political authorities grow into adults who are not easily disenchanted with politics.

C  Today’s generation of young adults is significantly more likely to read newspapers than their elders.

D  The age of the demographic that consumes television news is much higher on average than those that consume alternative sources of news.

A  Civil disobedience involves unintentionally breaking a law; a protest involves intentionally breaking a law.

B  Civil disobedience involves violence; a protest is peaceful.

C  Civil disobedience involves intentionally breaking a law; a protest involves getting attention from the media.

D  Civil disobedience is involuntary; a protest is voluntary.

A  government programs to alleviate economic inequality would likely be higher on the political agenda

B  government programs to help individuals invest their Social Security income would likely be higher on the political agenda

C  government-run services would likely be privatized

D  government workers would likely unionize

A  women with children

B  parents of children under age 18

C  citizens in the school district

D  parents

A  staging a sit-in

B  signing a petition in a school parking lot

C  gathering signatures for a proposed ballot measure

D  running for public office as a third party candidate

A  The United States should stop letting criminals hide behind the law.

B  Taxes and spending should be kept low.

C  Government should regulate the economy in the public interest.

D  Prayer belongs in school.

A  liberalism and political tolerance

B  political participation and strength of party attachment

C  political participation and suspicion of out-groups

D  candidate loyalty and authoritarianism

A  The number of seats each state has in the House is based on a state’s population, which changes over time.

B  Each congressional district must be redrawn to reflect changes in the state’s population.

C  The majority party in the House of Representatives is determined by each state’s proportion of party-affiliated voters.

D  The Constitution requires that each state’s taxes be proportional to the size of its population.

A  The flow of immigrant families with children decreased.

B  Most new immigrants were being reunited with family in the United States.

C  The flow of low-income immigrant families from Mexico increased.

D  Most new immigrants were from northwestern Europe.

A  overthrowing the government

B  influencing voting behavior

C  affecting public policy change

D  informing the public about the candidates

A  all the activities used by citizens to influence the selection of political leaders or the policies they pursue

B  the capacity of individuals (or groups) to exert their own political will

C  a measure of the minimum requirements needed to vote

D  all the activities used by citizens to socialize their children to the political process

A  Conservatives are overrepresented at the polls.

B  Young citizens are overrepresented at the polls.

C  Liberals are overrepresented at the polls.

D  Democrats are overrepresented at the polls.

A  information from the census determines tax rates

B  changes in the U.S. population affect membership in political parties

C  participation indicates the legitimacy of government and of laws passed by Congress

D  information the census collects helps to determine how more than $400 billion in federal funding is spent each year

A  Working-class people consume more political news than do wealthier people.

B  Older people consume more political news than do younger people.

C  West Coast residents consume more political news than do East Coast residents.

D  Men consume considerably more political news than do women.

A  volunteering with a campaign

B  writing letters to the editor

C  contacting government officials

D  protesting

A  the absence of pluralist thinking in the United States

B  the predominance of liberals in the United States

C  the predominance of conservatives in the United States

D  the absence of moderates in the United States

A  big business

B  political parties

C  ordinary citizens

D  Congress

A  Because most citizens fail to pay attention to serious issues, government has become an elite institution.

B  Congress is stronger and more influential than the presidency.

C  Many groups vie for power with no one group dominating politics.

D  Too many influential groups cripple government’s ability to govern.

A  a presidential action

B  a congressional statute

C  a budgetary choice

D  a regulation

A  egalitarian

B  pluralist

C  laissez-faire

D  populist

A  politics

B  political culture

C  government

D  public policy

A  majority rule

B  pluralism

C  federalism

D  hyperpluralism

A  balance of power

B  elitism

C  policy gridlock

D  pluralism

A  pluralism

B  representation

C  enlightened rule

D  majority rule

A  inclusion

B  freedom of speech and of the press

C  one person, one vote

D  universal citizenship

A  a system that grants a status of privilege to the most active and informed voters

B  a system that selects policymakers and organizes government so that policy represents and responds to the public’s preferences

C  a system that ensures freedom, justice, and peace to all citizens

D  a system that perpetuates the status quo and upholds the values of the party in power

A  the issues that attract the serious attention of public officials and other political actors

B  the issues that are asked about on public opinion polls

C  the issues that concern single-issue interest groups

D  all of the issues that candidates talk about on the campaign trail

A  the courts

B  political culture

C  Congress

D  government