Exam 4

A  Compound retina

B  Secondary retina

C  Lateral vision

D  Tubular eyes

A  predators are above, not below

B  it is energetically expensive

C  the lumination would be too bright

D  there is no sunlight and no silhouettes

A  hypoxic, food supply

B  anoxic, salinity

C  hyperoxic, temperature

D  hypoxic, vertical migration

A  Bacteria

B  Viruses

C  Archaea

D  Cyanobacteria

A  warm water

B  cold water

C  migrations

D  upwelling

A  low, medium

B  high, medium

C  low, high

D  medium, high

A  a sound scattering layer (or layers) of organisms that often vertically migrates

B  best known from eclipses, when the layer moves to greater depth

C  a mysterious sound producing layer at depth

D  layer of particles that scatters light at depth

E  a layer of predators that scatters migrating organisms, as they attempt to prey on them

A  bacteria-like (prokaryotic) organisms

B  basically normal invertebrates, but ones that grow rapidly due to the warmth of the environment

C  non-photosynthetic algae (eukaryotes) that use the unusual salt mixtures of the vents as food to increase their biomass

D  marine snow

E  the rain of detritus

A  ‘chimneys’ made from minerals, some over 40 feet high

B  volcanic activity nearby

C  hot water pouring up from the deep-sea floor

D  seawater with so many minerals that it looks black

E  all of the above

A  Directly or indirectly provide food to many species

B  All of the choices are true

C  Are among the most productive of all marine ecosystems 

D  Provide nesting or resting areas to many seabirds

E  Provide habitats to many species

A  Chemosynthetic bacteria

B  Parasitic bacteria

C  Photosynthetic bacteria

D  Mixotrophic bacteria

E  Heterotrophic bacteria

A  Non-targeted organisms caught while fishing for other species     

B  Farm raised fish

C  Species caught as part of traditional fisheries

D  Krill and other shellfish

E  Species caught for industrial purposes

A  Heterotrophic

B  Photosynthetic 

C  Chemosynthetic

D  Symbiotic 

E  Parasitic

A  Needle-like teeth

B  Large size

C  Large mouths

D  Extensible jaws

E  Generalized diet

A  10%

B  1.00%

C  25%

D  17%

E  0.50%

A  Great Blue Herons

B  Frigate Birds

C  Common gulls

D  Cormorants

E  Pelicans