Exam 3

A  nutrients

B  waves

C  light

D  salinity

E  temperature

F  predation

A  genetic adaptation

B  physiological adaptation

C  physiological acclimatization

D  genetic acclimatization

A  light

B  sexual partners

C  food

D  space

A  Pliocene

B  Paleocene

C  Protocene

D  Pleistocene

A  specialization

B  partitioning

C  sharing

D  generalization

A  lakes, hyposaline pools

B  creeks, inland waterways

C  ocean, brackish water

D  rivers, seawater

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  porous, inhabitants

B  calcium-proteinaceous, producers

C  thin, builders

D  calcium carbonate, builders

A  facilitative, agonistic

B  interspecific, intraspecific

C  intraspecific, interspecific

D  agonistic, true

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Lower

B  Upper

C  Middle

A  fungal, mass spawning

B  cyanobacteria, bleaching

C  zooxanthellae, mortality

D  dinoflagellate, bleaching

A  drowned fiver valleys

B  fjord

C  coastal plain estuaries

D  bar-build estuaries

A  An ecosystem’s limit

B  Maximum capacity

C  Carrying capacity

D  Steady state

A  mud, silt, clay

B  silt, clay, mud

C  clay, silt, mud

A  use of the operculum

B  none of these

C  aerial respiration

D  evaporative cooling

E  natal homing

A  tube snails

B  squids

C  abalone

D  scallops

E  mussels

A  strontium sulphate

B  chitin

C  silicate

D  calcium carbonate

E  calcium bicarbonate

A  barnacles in the intertidal

B  octopus in the lower intertidal

C  salmon in estuaries

D  turtles in the intertidal

E  otters in kelp forests

A  High tides moving in

B  Differences in water temperature as one moves inland

C  The Coriolis effect

D  Salt wedge moving toward the surface

E  Freshwater moving from rivers

A  the Aleutian Islands

B  the Indo-Pacific

C  the Caribbean

D  the Galapagos

E  the Hawaiian Islands

A  brooders

B  gamete spawners

C  sexual reproducers

D  broadcast spawners

A  secondary consumer

B  quaternary consumer

C  tertiary consumer

D  primary producer

E  primary consumer

A  The region where crabs are usually found and “splash” around during feeding activities

B  Intertidal zones where splashing of waves is magnified by the shape of the local rock formations

C  Regions of the lower tide zones where animals can retreat and remain wet at most times in the tidal cycle

D  The upper most area of the intertidal, not usually covered by the tides during most days, but that is “splashed” with sea water during high tides

E  Tide pools in the upper intertidal where birds commonly bathe (seen from a distance as a “splash” environment)

A  Provide the coral with protection from predators

B  Provide the coral with protection from herbivores

C  Release mucus and other chemicals

D  Help in the deposition of the skeleton

E  Provide the coral with carbon dioxide

A  Are among the most productive of all marine ecosystems

B  Provide nesting or resting areas to many seabirds

C  All of the choices are true

D  Directly or indirectly provide food to many species

E  Provide habitats to many species

A  Always have a soft skeleton

B  Only live in temperate waters

C  Are non-reef builders

D  Have zooxanthellae

E  Are scavengers

A  parasitic

B  symbiotic

C  commensalistic

D  mutualistic

E  episodic

A  salinity

B  tides

C  light

D  food

E  shifting sand

A  Decrease in the number of seaweeds

B  Less wave action

C  Increase in the number of mussels

D  More species overall

E  Fewer species

A  15%

B  10%

C  2%

D  5%

A  provide surface for epiphyte growth

B  provide CO2 for photosynthesis

C  float blades toward the surface

D  regulate gas exchange

A  keys

B  barrier reefs

C  fringing reefs

D  locks

E  atolls

A  Neither physical nor biological factors

B  Mostly biological factors

C  Both biological and physical factors

D  Mostly physical factors

A  Temerature

B  Light

C  Salinity

D  Substrate

E  Predation

A  Only tolerate small temperature changes

B  Tolerate only a narrow range of salinities

C  Need less oxygen to survive

D  Are less common in estuaries than stenohaline species

E  Can survive broad changes in salinity

A  a type of coral commonly found on oceanic spreading centers

B  a volcanic structure with abundant calcareous worms

C  typically found as a mounded structure on a continental shelf

D  typically found on a submerged volcano