Lecture Exam 4

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Question #1

Sweat glands and arrector pili muscles are controlled

A by both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.

B only by the sympathetic nervous system.

C by both the autonomic and somatic nervous systems.

D only by the parasympathetic nervous system.

Question #2

Postganglionic axons from the celiac ganglion innervate the

A All of the choices are correct.

B spleen.

C stomach.

D gallbladder.

E liver.

Question #3

Specific prevertebral ganglia are named after the

A distance from the corresponding parasympathetic ganglion.

B major abdominal arteries around which they are found.

C vertebra from under which the preganglionic axon travels.

D early anatomist who discovered and described them.

E effector organ stimulated by the postganglionic axon.

Question #4

A structure that is said to resemble a pearl necklace is a

A parasympathetic ganglion.

B sympathetic trunk.

C parasympathetic trunk.

D splanchnic ganglion.

Question #5

The ANS uses pathways that include two-neuron chains to innervate its effector organs.

A False

B True

Question #6

Dual innervation means that an individual effector

A receives input from both the sympathetic and the parasympathetic nervous systems.

B receives two autonomic axons on each smooth muscle cell.

C may be excited or inhibited by a single division of the autonomic nervous system.

D receives input from both the somatic and the autonomic nervous systems.

Question #7

The micturition reflex results in

A vigorous contraction of the smooth muscle of the large intestine and relaxation of anal sphincters.

B a decrease in blood pressure due to a slowing of heart rate.

C retention of urine and feces by relaxing some muscles and contracting others.

D contraction of smooth muscle in the bladder and relaxation of urinary sphincters.

Question #8

Parasympathetic activity is responsible for increased smooth muscle motility and secretory activity in digestive tract organs.

A True

B False

Question #9

Which autonomic plexus consists of postganglionic sympathetic axons that come off the cervical and thoracic sympathetic trunk ganglia, as well as preganglionic axons from the vagus nerve?

A Abdominal aortic plexus

B Cardiac plexus

C Hypogastric plexus

D Pulmonary plexus

E Esophageal plexus

Question #10

Paravertebral and prevertebral ganglia are part of the parasympathetic branch of the ANS.

A False

B True

Question #11

The sympathetic division of the ANS has

A norepinephrine as neurotransmitter.

B long postganglionic axons.

C All of the choices are correct.

D preganglionic neuron cell bodies in the T1–L2 regions of the spinal cord.

Question #12

The autonomic nervous system may receive input from visceral sensory neurons.

A True

B False

Question #13

Which system contains short preganglionic axons that branch extensively?

A Parasympathetic nervous system

B Somatic nervous system

C Sympathetic nervous system

Question #14

Which division functions to conserve energy and replenish the supply of nutrients?

A Somatic

B Parasympathetic

C Sympathetic

Question #15

The arrector pili muscles receive their sympathetic innervation via the

A spinal nerve pathway.

B None of the choices is correct.

C adrenal medulla pathway.

D postganglionic sympathetic nerve pathway.

E splanchnic nerve pathway.

Question #16

The two divisions of the autonomic nervous system

A contain autonomic ganglia to house ganglionic neurons.

B use preganglionic and postganglionic neurons to innervate skeletal muscle.

C function only during sleep.

D are voluntary.

E are composed of PNS structures only.

Question #17

The glossopharyngeal nerve innervates the

A parotid salivary gland.

B sublingual salivary gland.

C large intestine.

D lacrimal gland.

E ciliary muscle.

Question #18

Autonomic tone allows for a single division of the autonomic nervous system to control an organ by changing that division’s activity levels up or down from baseline.

A False

B True

Question #19

Muscarinic receptors are proteins that bind the neurotransmitter

A acetylcholine.

B epinephrine.

C norepinephrine.

Question #20

Postganglionic sympathetic axons are carried from the sympathetic trunk to the spinal nerve by the

A white rami communicantes.

B superior cervical ganglion.

C pterygopalatine ganglion.

D gray rami communicantes.

E splanchnic nerves.

Question #21

Which is not an effector innervated by the autonomic nervous system?

A Skeletal muscle

B Glands

C Cardiac muscle

D Smooth muscle

Question #22

Gray rami from the sympathetic trunk connect to

A alternating spinal nerves.

B the cranial nerves.

C the sympathetic trunk

D all spinal nerves.

Question #23

Postganglionic axons of the parasympathetic branch of the ANS cause increased secretion by the lacrimal (tear) glands.

A False

B True

Question #24

The sympathetic trunks are located

A superior to the brachial plexus.

B in the craniosacral regions.

C immediately lateral to the vertebral column.

D inferior to the sacral plexus.

E lateral to prevertebral ganglia.

Question #25

The superior mesenteric ganglion of the sympathetic branch of the ANS is adjacent to the origin of the superior mesenteric artery.

A True

B False

Question #26

The simple knee-jerk reflex is an example of a(n) _____ reflex.

A contralateral

B monosynaptic

C ipsilateral

D multisynaptic

E crossed-extensor

Question #27

Nerve plexuses are networks of interweaving posterior rami of spinal nerves.

A False

B True

Question #28

The direct motor pathway originates in the

A vestibular nuclei of the brainstem.

B reticular formation of the brainstem.

C motor cortex of the cerebral cortex.

D superior colliculus of the midbrain.

Question #29

A reflex arc in which both the receptor and the effector organs of the reflex are on the same side of the spinal cord is

A monosynaptic.

B polysynaptic.

C ipsilateral.

D contralateral.

Question #30

Sensory impulses traveling through the posterior root will reach the _______ upon entering the spinal cord.

A central commissure

B posterior root ganglion

C posterior horn

D anterior horn

Question #31

Information about temperature, proprioception, and pressure from skin, joints, and muscles is conveyed by

A somatosensory pathways.

B somatomotor pathways.

C visceromotor pathways.

D viscerosensory pathways.

Question #32

The cell bodies of lower motor neurons are housed in the posterior horns of the spinal cord.

A True

B False

Question #33

This nerve helps to plant the foot and receives sensory signals from the skin of the sole.

A Femoral nerve

B Obturator nerve

C Tibial nerve

D Genitofemoral nerve

E Deep fibular nerve

Question #34

The obturator nerve innervates muscles of the lateral thigh.

A True

B False

Question #35

Motor pathways are _________ tracts that control _________.

A descending; affectors

B descending; effectors

C ascending; effectors

D ascending; affectors

Question #36

Which accurately describes sensory and motor pathways?

A Sensory pathways terminate in the brain, and motor pathways terminate at effectors.

B Sensory pathways terminate at effectors and motor pathways terminate in the brain.

C Both sensory and motor pathways terminate in the PNS.

D Both sensory and motor pathways terminate in the brain.

Question #37

The subdural space is the region between the arachnoid mater and the dura mater.

A False

B True

Question #38

Because most pathways decussate, each side of the brain processes information from the _________ side of the body.

A ipsilateral

B contralateral

Question #39

What is the thin strand of pia mater that helps to anchor the spinal cord to the coccyx?

A Conus medullaris

B Terminus coccyx

C Filum terminale

D Coccygeal tendon

E Cervical enlargement

Question #40

Stepping on a piece of glass would most likely invoke a _____ reflex.

A tendon

B stretch

C motor

D withdrawal

E pain

Question #41

The fasciculus cuneatus is part of the

A fasciculus gracilis.

B anterolateral pathway.

C posterior funiculus–medial lemniscal pathway.

D spinocerebellar pathway.

E lateral spinothalamic tract.

Question #42

In the brain, the outer cerebral cortex consists of gray matter, but in the spinal cord, gray matter is confined to the innermost regions.

A True

B False

Question #43

In both the anterolateral pathway and the posterior funiculus–medial lemniscal pathway, the axons of the ________ neurons decussate in the CNS.

A primary

B quaternary

C tertiary

D secondary

Question #44

A typical spinal cord in an adult is

A 12–14 inches long.

B 20–24 inches long.

C 16–18 inches long.

D 8–10 inches long.

E 24–26 inches long.

Question #45

The tapered, conical inferior end of the spinal cord is called the conus

A medullaris.

B caudalis.

C equine.

D finalis.

E sacralis.

Question #46

The large section of spinal white matter that is found between the posterior gray horns is known as the posterior

A commissure.

B peduncle.

C decussation.

D funiculus.

Question #47

The nerve that innervates the deltoid muscle and receives sensory input from the superolateral lateral arm is the

A radial nerve.

B ulnar nerve.

C median nerve.

D musculocutaneous nerve.

F axillary nerve.

Question #48

The lumbar region of the spinal cord is closest to the lumbar vertebrae of the vertebral column.

A True

B False

Question #49

In general, nerves from the posterior division of the brachial plexus tend to innervate muscles that extend the parts of the upper limb.

A True

B False

Question #50

What is the correct order for the events that occur during a reflex?

a: Impulse travels through sensory neuron to the CNS
b: A stimulus activates a receptor
c: Information is processed by interneurons
d: Motor neuron transmits impulse to effector
e: Effector responds

A a, b, c, d, e

B c, b, a, e, d

C c, a, b, d, e

D b, d, c, a, e

E b, a, c, d, e

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