Lecture Exam 3

A  medulla oblongata 

B  hypothalamus 

C  limbic system 

D  cerebellum 

A  Medulla oblongata

B  Pons

C  Cerebellum

D  Cerebrum 

A  visual reflexes, pons 

B  blood pressure, medulla oblongata.

C  blood pressure, pons 

D  voluntary movement, frontal lobe

A  Red nuclei 

B  Cerebral nuclei

C  Substantia nigra 

D  Arcuate nuclei 

A  thalamus.

B  epithalamus.

C  hypothalamus.

D  pons.

A  Mammillary body

B  Anterior nucleus 

C  Habenular nucleus

D  Pineal gland 

A  sound, cerebellum

B  taste, frontal lobe

C  smell, parietal lobe

D  taste, insula 

A  hearing.

B  vision.

C  smell.

D  verbal communication.

A  cerebral gyri.

B  cerebral sulci.

C  corpus callosum.

D  hypothalamus.

A  cerebrum.

B  cerebellum.

C  pons.

D  hypothalamus.

A  ependymal cells and venous blood vessels.

B  astrocyte extensions and dural sinuses.

C  microglial extensions and capillary endothelial cells.

D  astrocyte perivascular feet and capillary endothelial cells.

A  astrocytes.

B  the median aperture.

C  arachnoid villi.

D  microglia.

A  choroid plexus.

B  arachnoid villi.

C  septum pellucidum.

D  arachnoid granulation.

A  CSF helps to remove waste products from the brain.

B  CSF transports nutrients and chemicals to the brain.

C  CSF helps to promote mitosis within neuronal tissue.

D  CSF helps to reduce the effective weight of the brain. 

A  mesencephalic aqueduct

B  central canal.

C  septum pellucidum.

D  interventricular foramen.

A  third 

B  lateral 

C  fourth

D  median 

A  Subdural layer

B  Arachnoid

C  Pia mater 

D  Dura mater

A  b, a, c

B  b, c, a

C  a, b, c

D  a, c, b

A  mesoderm.

B  ectoderm.

C  endoderm.

A  myelinated axons, where action potentials occur only under the myelin sheath.

B  myelinated axons, where action potentials occur continuously down the entire axon.

C  unmyelinated axons, where action potentials occur continuously down the entire axon.

D  myelinated axons, where action potentials occur only at neurofibril nodes.

A  myelinated regions.

B  neurofibril nodes.

A  myelinated, small

B  myelinated, large 

C  unmyelinated, large 

D  unmyelinated, small 

A  calcium and neurotransmitter diffuse into the synaptic knob.

B  calcium is released from the neuron along with neurotransmitter from synaptic vesicles.

C  calcium diffuses into the neuron and neurotransmitter is released by exocytosis.

D  calcium is pumped into the neuron and neurotransmitter diffuses out through channels.

A  Relative refractory period 

B  Absolute refractory period 

A  open state of voltage-gated potassium channels.

B  closure of chemically gated sodium channels.

C  open state of voltage-gated sodium channels.

D  closure of voltage-gated potassium channels.

A  potassium exits, repolarizing the cell to a negative value.

B  potassium enters, repolarizing the cell to a negative value.

C  potassium exits, depolarizing the cell to an even more negative value.

D  potassium enters, depolarizing the cell to a positive value.

A  excitatory neurotransmitter molecules at a receptor.

B  resting membrane potentials in a particular area of the brain.

C  postsynaptic potentials at the initial segment.

D  action potentials at the node of Ranvier.

A  IPSP, which is a depolarization.

B  IPSP, which is a hyperpolarization.

C  EPSP, which is a depolarization.

D  EPSP, which is a hyperpolarization

A  voltage-, axon 

B  chemically, dendrite 

C  chemically, axon

D  voltage-, dendrite 

A  travels the length of the nerve fiber (is long-distance).

B  is all or none (always the same intensity).

C  varies in size depending on the magnitude of the stimulus (larger voltage change for stronger stimulus).

D  lasts for several seconds after ion channels have opened, closed, and reset.

A  mechanically gated channels.

B  sodium-potassium pumps.

C  voltage-gated channels.

D  chemically gated channels.

A  more positive.

B  more negative.

C   the same.

D  0 mV.

A  indirectly related to voltage and directly related to resistance.

B  directly related to both voltage and resistance.

C  inversely related to both voltage and resistance.

D  directly related to voltage and inversely related to resistance.

A  the difference in concentration of a substance between two areas.

B  the difference in electrical charge between two areas.

C  the combination of electrical and chemical gradients between two areas.

D  the resistance a membrane has to allowing any charged chemical to pass through it.

A  voltage-gated chloride channel.

B  voltage-gated calcium channel.

C  voltage-gated potassium channel.

D  voltage-gated sodium channel.

A  receptive 

B  conductive 

C   transmissive

D   initial 

A  endoneurium.

B  endosteum.

C  epineurium.

D  perineurium.

A  simple squamous epithelium.

B  dense irregular connective tissue.

C  areolar connective tissue.

D  dense regular connective tissue.

A  carries information only toward the PNS.

B  contains a single axon.

C  is found only in the CNS.

D  is a cablelike bundle of parallel axons.

A  neurolemmocyte.

B  satellite cell.

C  astrocyte.

D  ependymal cell.

A  microglial cell.

B  ependymal cell.

C  oligodendrocyte.

D  astrocyte.

A  Electrical synapses have a constant delay of 1 millisecond, but chemical synaptic delays vary between 0.1 and 0.3 millisecond.

B  Transmission at chemical synapses involves a brief synaptic delay, but electrical synapses are faster.

C  Transmission at electrical synapses involves a brief synaptic delay, but chemical synapses are faster.

D  Transmission at both chemical and electrical synapses involves a synaptic delay of approximately 1 millisecond.

A  the presynaptic neuron’s synaptic knob into the synaptic cleft.

B  the postsynaptic neuron’s dendrites into the synaptic cleft.

C   the presynaptic neuron’s soma into synaptic vesicles.

D  the presynaptic neuron’s dendrites into the synaptic cleft.

A  chemical synapses occur along with electrical synapses.

B  astrocytes are interspersed with ependymal cells.

C  individual axons transmit both sensory and motor information.

D  some axons transmit sensory information and others transmit motor information.

A  bipolar neurons.

B  motor neurons.

C  sensory neurons.

D  interneurons.

A  At the ends of dendrites 

B  Along axon collaterals 

C  At the tips of telodendria 

D  Within the cell body 

A  several types of neurotransmitters simultaneously, all of which excite the cell’s target.

B  a specific neurotransmitter that always excites its target.

C  several types of neurotransmitters simultaneously, that all work to prevent another immediate impulse.

D  a specific neurotransmitter that either excites or inhibits its target.

A   Involuntary control of the heart 

B  Conducts impulses from the CNS 

C  Transmits impulses to muscles and glands 

D  Transmits impulses from the viscera 

A  conduct impulses to muscles.

B  collect information.

C  initiate responses to information.

D  process information.