Midterm

A  was trying to gain the support of those who had little property to protect

B  could not remember what Locke had actually said

C  liked the sound of “pursuit of happiness” better

D  was trying to avoid the suggestion the Declaration was arguing for the protection of slavery

E  wanted to reflect the views of the colonists

A  much higher

B  much lower

C  slightly higher and holding steady

D  slightly behind but catching up gradually

E  roughly the same

A  helped to clarify for executive agencies how they are to implement laws

B  was a strictly ceremonial act with no significance

C  was a traditional action taken by presidents to signify their agreement with Congress

D  threatened the system of separation of powers

E  created agreements between presidents and the heads of foreign governments

A  gerrymandering

B  activism

C  polarization

D  identification

E  discipline

A  a misdemeanor

B  a tort

C  an infraction

D  a crime

E  a felony

A  Congress has no power under the War Powers Act

B  everyone agrees the Supreme Court would probably declare the law unconstitutional

C  Congress can never agree on a course of action when it comes to military decisions

D  the provisions of the act are vague and make it easy to ignore

E  public opinion tends to rally around presidents when they deem military action necessary abroad, and Congress has declined to challenge such presidents

A  allow the president to fulfill the office of president as the founders intended

B  are unconstitutional according to the Supreme Court

C  were more often used in the nineteenth century by weak presidents

D  were commonly used by nineteenth-century presidents

E  have been used to expand the powers of the presidency beyond what is explicitly stated in the Constitution

A  Unimportant because few political people are religious

B  Important as the main source of a person’s sense of political efficacy

C  Important because religion teaches moral values that are often applied to politics

D  Unimportant because churches don’t openly take positions on political issues

A  It was claimed for the Supreme Court in the case of Marbury v. Madison.

B  It is not mentioned in the Constitution.

C  It includes the powers to declare acts of government unconstitutional and to interpret the meaning of all federal and state laws.

D  The Supreme Court has used the power very infrequently against acts of Congress.

E  It was used only once before 1857.

A  Regulated capitalism, in which business has substantial freedom from government interference, but the government does step in and regulate the economy to guarantee individual rights

B  Socialism, in which economic decisions are made by the government

C  Pure capitalism, in which all means used to produce material resources are privately owned

D  Social democracy, in which government plays an enormous role in ensuring substantive guarantees of fair outcomes for all citizens

E  Pure laissez-faire capitalism, in which the government has no economic role at all

A  Right to qualified representation in the case of criminal suit

B  Reserved powers

C  Right to a speedy trial by an impartial jury

D  Implied powers

A  The national government reduced its grants-in-aid to city governments.

B  Urban governments became more dependent on states for aid.

C  Cities and local governments began to receive grants directly from the national government.

D  The national government began to grant all of its aid to the state governments.

A  Neighbors

B  Political activists

C  Those with money and power

D  Foreigners

E  Office-holders

A  were blocked by Republicans in Congress

B  essentially ended by the time Reconstruction was completed and were not reinitiated until the civil rights era

C  were generally successful with few exceptions

D  were not successful until the passage of the Fourteenth Amendment

E  were not successful until the passage of the Fifteenth Amendment

A  assessment

B  maturation

C  acculturation

D  socialization

A  Libel

B  Prior restraint

C  National security

D  Obscenity

A  Checks and balances

B  Republicanism

C  Separation of powers

D  Popular sovereignty

A  Of majority freedoms, not minority rights

B  Of individual freedoms, not criminal rights

C  From government action, not from other citizens

D  From other citizens, not from the government

A  they would create a split between the North and the South

B  they would try to eliminate the system of checks and balances in the Constitution

C  they would likely pit the haves and have-nots against each other

D  they would likely create tension between minorities

E  certain factions might replace the legislature

A  Limited the states’ powers to incorporate cities and towns

B  Made parts of the Bill of Rights apply to state governments

C  Selectively revised the meaning of several civil rights

D  Incorporated important parts of state law into the Bill of Rights

A  Cognitive dissonance

B  Denial

C  Cognitive ideation

D  Conceivable detraction

A  elite democracy

B  pluralist democracy

C  anarchy

D  populist democracy

E  participatory democracy

A  State and local governments less control over federal funds

B  The national government less control over foreign and defense policy

C  The national government more control over state and local affairs

D  State and local governments more power over important public policies

A  Interferes with the flow of interstate commerce

B  Contradicts the rulings in the Civil Rights Cases of 1883.

C  Violates the Fourteenth Amendment

D  Violates the Thirteenth Amendment

A  Public service announcements and similar public relations efforts

B  Federal law enforcement efforts and foreign aid

C  The development of DARE and other drug education programs

D  Efforts to curb drug experimentation in suburban areas