Chapter 1 Quiz

A  Participants of the same age at the same point in time

B  The same group of participants repeatedly at different ages

C  Participants over the same ages but in different years

D  Groups of participants differencing in age at the same point in time 

A  Groups of participants differing in age at the same point in time 

B  Participants over the same ages but in different years

C  The same grow

D  Group of participants repeatedly at different ages

A  Correlational

B  Cross-sectional 

C  Sequential 

D  Longitudinal 

A  Biased sampling 

B  Random assignment 

C  Cohort effects

D  Practice effects 

A  Longitudinal 

B  Cross- sectional 

C   Sequential 

D  Correctional

A  Correlational

B  Experimental 

C  Longitudinal 

D  Cross-sectional 

A  Researchers study participants over the same ages but in different years

B  Researchers study groups of participants differing in age at the same point in time

C  Participants are studied repeatedly, and changes are noted as they get older

D  Researchers study participants of the same age at the same point in time

A  Systematic 

B  Random

C  Correlational

D  Sequential

A  Control group

B  Correlation coefficient 

C  Independent variable 

D  Dependent variable 

A  Experimental

B  Correlational 

C  Observational 

D  Structural 

A  The death of a spouse causes a decline in the surviving partners health

B  The death of a spouse is related to a decline in the surviving partners health 

C  A third variable, such as memory loss, causes a surviving partners decline in physical heath

D  A decline in a surviving partners physical health can cause the death of a spouse

A  Investigators cannot infer cause and effect

B  Age-related changes may be distorted 

C  Researchers cannot replicate the studies 

D  Researchers randomly assign participants and manipulate their experiences 

A  Correlational 

B  Experimental 

C  Variable

D  Observational 

A  Observational, experimental

B  Correlational, experimental 

C  Variable, observational 

D  Observational, correlational 

A  More likely than their age mates to commit delinquent and violent acts

B   The fastest growing sector of the U.S. youth population 

C  More likely that their age mates to have early sex

D  More likely than their age mates to miss school due to illness

A  Structured interview

B  Clinical interview 

C  Clinical interview 

D  Naturalistic observation

A  The same set of questions in the same way to each research participant 

B  A different set of questions for each participant

C  Only yes/no, multiple choice, and true/false questions

D  Questions in a large group of participants

A  Only provides a small amount of information

B  Does not reveal depth of information

C  Does not reflect the way participants think in everyday life

D  May not result in accurate reporting of information 

A  Allows researchers to see the behavior of interest as it occurs in natural setting

B  Is directed toward understanding a culture or distinct social group 

C  Makes comparing individuals’ responses very easy 

D  Can provide a large amount of information in a fairly brief period

A  Structured observation

B  Naturalistic observation

C  Naturalistic observation

D  Self-report

A  it tells more about the participants’ reasoning and motivation than it does about their typical behavior 

B  It may not result in accurate reporting of information 

C  Not all participants have the same opportunity to display a particular behavior in everyday life

D  It does not reflect the way participants actually behave in everyday life

A  Yields richly detailed narratives that offer valuable insight into the many factors that affect development 

B  Permits participants to display their thoughts in terms that are so close as possible to the way they think in everyday life

C  Is useful for studying behaviors that investigators rarely have an opportunity to see in everyday life.

D  Allows researchers to see directly the behavior of interest as it occurs in everyday setting 

A  Goes into the field and records the behavior of interest 

B  Uses a flexible, conversational style to probe for the participants point of view 

C  Asks each participant the same set of questions in the same way

D  Sets up a laboratory situation that evokes the behavior of interest

A  Research methods

B  Theories

C  Research designs 

D  Hypothesis

A  Psychosexual 

B  Cognitive- Developmental

C  Psychosocial

D  Behaviorism 

A  Its use of a wide variety of research methods

B  the clarity of the concept of ego functioning

C  the ease of empirically testing its ideas

D  its emphasis on understanding the individuals unique life history

A  Pointed out the normal development must be understood in relation to each culture’s life situation

B  Minimized the role of culture in individual development 

C  Primarily focused on the importance of early life experiences

D  viewed children as taking a more active role in their own development 

A  Was the first to stress the influence of the early parent-child relationship on development

B  Applied in all cultures 

C  Was eventually criticized because it underemphasized the influence of sexual feelings in development

D  Ignored personality development

A  By conducting studies of animal behavior 

B  By carefully observing his own children

C  On the basis of interviews with institutionalized children and adolescents 

D  On the basis of his adult patients’ memories of painful childhood events 

A  Confront conflicts between biological drives and social expectations 

B  model the behavior of parents and other caregivers 

C  Acquire increasingly complex information-processing skills

D  Actively explore the environment

A  Constructing the first successfully intelligence test

B   Launching the normative approach

C  Conduction child observations and parent interviews

D  Writing the first parenting books 

A  Psychometric

B  Genetic

C  Normative

D  Nonnormative

A  Inspired Charles Darwin’s research 

B  Constructed the first standardized intelligence test

C  Were the forefathers of psychoanalytic theory

D  Regarded development as a maturational process

A  Arnold Gesell

B  G. Stanley Hall

C  Charles Darwin

D  Benjamin Spock

A  Theory of evolution

B  Psychoanalytic theory

C   Normative approach 

D  Psychosocial theory

A  Are typical or average

B  Do not follow a predictable timetable

C  Affect large numbers of people in a similar way

D  Include age-graded and history-graded influences

A  Vocational success over family obligations

B  Political aspirations, financial wealth and personal achievements

C  The search for personal meaning, self-expression, and social responsibility 

D  Marriage at an early age and a focus on family responsibilities 

A  Age-graded influences become more powerful with age

B  History-graded influences are normative

C  History- graded influences are fairly predictable as to when they occur

D  Age-graded influences become more powerful with age

A  Jack, a highly intelligent athlete

B  Ana, a child who has no strong bond with an adult

C  Ari, a temperamental artist

D  Jaynie, a shy, emotionally reactive child

A  Stamina

B  Assimilation 

C  Plasticity 

D  Resilience 

A  Early childhood

B  The parental period 

C  No single age range period

D  Adolescence 

A  Multidirectional and multidimensional

B  Continuous, rather than discontinuous 

C  Static and stable

D  Largely the result of heredity

A  Having substantial plasticity 

B  Driven by early life experiences

C  Mostly influenced by heredity

D  Mostly stable

A  Stability 

B  Nature

C  Nurture

D  Stages

A  Stages

B  Early experiences

C  Nature

D  Nurture 

A  Stability- Plasticity

B  Social-cognitive

C  Nature-nurture 

D  Continous- discontinuous

A  Discontinuous 

B  Nature

C  Continuous 

D  Nurture

A  Investigators from a variety of fields collaborate on research projects

B  It deals with answering questions about development throughout the lifespan

C  It is motivated largely by scientific curiosity 

D  Findings are used for practical purposes to improve people’s lives 

A  Genetic factors that contribute to longevity

B  Those factors that influence consistencies and transformations in people from conception to death.

C  Genetic factors that contribute to longevity

D  Those factors that lead to abnormal development in children and adolescents