Exam 1

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Question #1

This type of judge is nominated by the president and confirmed by the senate:

A state judge

B federal judge

Question #2

Which of the following refers to a situation where an attorney is employed on a full-time, salaried basis by the government to represent indigents?

A law enforcement

B defense attorney

C public defender

Question #3

The person who represents accused and convicted persons in the criminal justice system is know as the:

A defense attorney

B law enforcement

C public defender

Question #4

Scholars often view public defenders as better than assigned counsel because public defenders are full-time government employees who are specialists in criminal law.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #5

The United States has a dual court system.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #6

Values and norms do not affect the functioning of the courtroom.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #7

These inmates will most likely be alienated from rest of the population and targeted for abuse because they have violated the inmate code:

A racial test

B punk

C Durham rule

D Exigent Circumstances

Question #8

The set of rules and values that develop within the prison social system and guide prisoners’ behavior is called:

A the inmate code

B social process

C Integrated

D subculture

Question #9

Racial conflict is not a problem in most U.S. prisons.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #10

“Jailing” is a term used to describe an inmate who tries to take advantage of prison programs to better themselves.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #11

Correctional officers can gain cooperation from prisoners through rewards as well as punishments.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #12

Polygraph evidence is admissible as evidence in criminal courts.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #13

Surveillance cameras that monitor and ticket people who run red lights are potentially in conflict with citizens’ civil liberties.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #14

A person cannot be forced to respond to questions in which the answers may reveal that they may have committed a crime.

A actus reus

B mala in se

C self-incrimination

D mala prohibita

Question #15

The symbols, beliefs, and attitudes shared by members of a subgroup within a larger society are collectively referred to as a:

A Integrated

B life course theories

C social process

D subculture

Question #16

The Federal Bureau of Investigation rose to prominence under the leadership of:

A J. Edgar Hoover

B Benjamin Franklin

C George Washington

Question #17

Which court case determined that evidence found through improper searches and seizures must be excluded from use at both state and federal trials?

A Kyllo v. United States

B Mapp v. Ohio (1961)

C tennessee v. garner(1985)

D United States v Leon (1984)

Question #18

A “pat down” search is also known as a:

A Plain View

B consent

C Hot Pursuit

D stop-and-frisk search

Question #19

Law enforcement can not use thermal imaging to examine a home unless a warrant is obtained.

A tennessee v. garner(1985)

B Miranda v Arizona (1966)

C Kyllo v. United States

D United States v Leon (1984)

Question #20

Relation between citizen and the police depend greatly on the thought that citizens believe the police will do their job properly and in good faith. this is achieved through Internal affairs, civilian review boards, standards and accreditation, and civil liability lawsuits.

A legal responsibility

B police brutality

C Civic accountability

Question #21

The police union or association finds off duty employment for its members, union sets the standards for the work and bargains with the department over the pay, status, and conditions

A Officer contract model

B department contract model

C Union brokerage model

Question #22

Allow each officer to find off duty employment and to enter into a direct relationship with the private firms. officers must apply to the department for permission.

A Union brokerage model

B department contract model

C Officer contract model

Question #23

Which model permits close control of off-duty work, because firms must apply to the department to have officers assigned to them.

A Officer contract model

B Union brokerage model

C department contract model

Question #24

Traffic units are responsible for identifying and apprehending suspects, as well as collecting evidence against them.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #25

“Rookies” require little socialization into the police subculture.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #26

The set of emotional and behavioral characteristics developed by members of an occupational group in response to a work situation and environmental influences is known as:

A working personality

B civil infractions

C clearance rate

D legal responsibility

Question #27

The idea that crime control does not rest solely with the police is in the line with the concept of:

A Community Crime Prevention

B Durham rule

C mala prohibita

D actus reus

Question #28

The Supreme Court of the United States may favor guilty people by ordering new trials.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #29

An intoxicated individual cannot be found guilty of committing a crime.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #30

______ theories draw from multiple disciplines with differing perspectives to create a larger model for explaining criminal behavior:

A life course theories

B Integrated

C social process

Question #31

______ theories view criminality as normal behavior, believing that everyone has the potential to become a criminal depending on influences.

A life course theories

B civil infractions

C clearance rate

D social process

Question #32

According to Sigmund Freud’s theory of personality, which stage of life is held to be most significant?

A late adulthood

B early childhood

C teenage years

Question #33

Crimes that threaten the general well-being of society and challenge accepted moral principles are defined as _______

A mala prohibita

B public-order crimes

C civil infractions

D mala in se

Question #34

There is no evidence of racism in the operation of the criminal justice system.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #35

More than half of convicted offenders are supervised in the community.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #36

Criminal justice agencies are self-sufficient; that is, they generate their own funding and are not dependent upon outside financial sources.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #37

The FBI is typically involved in criminal cases where stolen property is likely to be moved across state lines.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #38

Which of the following refers to a difference in treatment between groups?

A actus reus

B disparity

C discrimination

D disassociation

Question #39

Which of the following is not a major duty of the police?

A enforce the law

B make arrests

C respond to calls

D ensuring that offenders receive adequate sentences

Question #40

Which of the following would not be a top priority of the FBI’s enforcement efforts?

A local homicide rates

B protection of civil rights

C espionage

D terrorism

Question #41

According to Cole and Smith, the goal of criminal justice that concerns fairness and equity is referred to as:

A doing justice

B preventing crime

C dramatizing crime

D controlling crime

Question #42

Which type of defense involves an individual’s action, which is socially acceptable under the circumstances despite causing harm that the law would otherwise seek to prevent.

A Intoxication

B Necessity

C Justification Defense

D Duress

Question #43

The idea that an accused cannot be criminally responsible if the crime was the result of mental disease or mental defect is known as the:

A Exigent Circumstances

B Durham rule

C racial test

D Hot Pursuit

Question #44

According to the theory of broken windows police should focus more on:

A Focus on drug related crimes

B Focus on the more serious crimes

C maintaining order by being attentive to “little problems

Question #45

Which of the following tests must recruits pass to become a police officer?

A physical exam

B written test

C background check

D racial test

Question #46

The practice of assigning individuals to night duty as to warn the public of crime that eventually evolved into a system of paid, uniform police.

A Service

B Law enforcement

C Order maintenance

D watch system

Question #47

Police officers who provide first aid, rescue animals, or help the homeless are fulfilling which of the following police functions?

A Peacekeeping

B Service

C Order maintenance

D Law enforcement

Question #48

Law enforcement agencies include all of the following except:

A Drug Enforcement Agency

B Federal Bureau of Investigation

C Customs and Border Protection

D Federal Bureau of prisons

Question #49

The accountability of an individual for a crime because of their characteristics and the circumstances of the illegal act is called

A clearance rate

B civil infractions

C legal responsibility

D differential response

Question #50

Minor offenses that are typically punishable by small fines and that produce no criminal record for the offender.

A civil infractions

B Vice offense

C capital offense

D felonies

Question #51

According to this rule, a suspect who, during a frisk, which is not justified by proper observation and reasonable suspicion, is found to be carrying drugs or weapons can seek to have the evidence excluded.

A exclusionary rule

B actus reus

C mala prohibita

D clearance rate

Question #52

Which of the following is a vice offense?

A Suicide

B Prostitution

C Battery

Question #53

The approach to policing that involves assigning priorities to various calls for service is known as:

A Grass Eaters

B police brutality

C differential response

D clearance rate

Question #54

The percentage of crimes that police believe they have solved through an arrest is called:

A crime rate

B victim rate

C clearance rate

Question #55

When there is an immediate threat to public safety or the risk that evidence will be destroyed , officers may search, arrest, or question suspects without obtaining a warrant.

A Plain View

B Search Incident to Arrest

C Exigent Circumstances

D Hot Pursuit

E consent

Question #56

A significant deprivation of liberty, involving taking a person into custody, transporting them to a police station or jail, and processing them into the criminal justice system, is called a(n):

A investigation

B stop

C arrest

Question #57

Police officers assigned for duty in schools to assist in order maintenance while also developing positive relationships with students that may assist in delinquency prevention are known as what type of officers:

A SRO (school resource officer)

B Investigation

C Community Work

D law enforcement

Question #58

This type of search allows officers to conduct a permissible warrantless search of a person, vehicle, home, or location after receiving permission from the person in question.

A Search Incident to Arrest

B Exigent Circumstances

C consent

D Hot Pursuit

E Plain View

Question #59

Which of the following must police officers seeking a warrant present to a judge?

A actus reus

B mala in se

C affidavit

D mala prohibita

Question #60

Nonprofit organization formed by major law enforcement executives’ associations to develop standards for police policies and practice; on request’ will review police agencies and award accreditation upon meeting those standards.

A the civilian review board

B Internal Affairs Unit

C Commission of Accreditation for Law Enforcement Agencies (CALEA)

Question #61

A branch of a police department that receives and investigates complaints alleging violation of rules and policies on the part of officers.

A the civilian review board

B Commission of Accreditation for Law Enforcement Agencies (CALEA)

C Internal Affairs Unit

Question #62

What U.S. Supreme Court case ruled that deadly force may not be used against an unarmed and fleeing suspect unless necessary to prevent their escape and unless the officer has probable cause to believe that the suspect poses a significant threat of serious injury.

A Delaware v Prouse

B tennessee v. garner(1985)

C Miranda v Arizona (1966)

D United States v Leon (1984)

Question #63

Officers who participate in widespread corruption including drug smuggling and money laundering are called

A Grass Eaters

B police brutality

C meat eaters

Question #64

Oftentimes, citizens will form a committee to investigate complaints against the police, which are referred to as:

A Internal Affairs Unit

B Commission of Accreditation for Law Enforcement Agencies (CALEA)

C the civilian review board

Question #65

This case ruled that random stops by law enforcement are not constitutional

A United States v Leon (1984)

B tennessee v. garner(1985)

C Miranda v Arizona (1966)

D Delaware v Prouse

Question #66

Which of the following is not one of the five factors that officers must take into account when exercising discretion?

A The rank of the responding officer

B relationship between criminal/victim

C nature of crime

D departmental policy

Question #67

A brief interference with a person’s freedom of movement with a duration that can be measured in minutes is called a(n):

A arrest

B stop

C investigation

Question #68

Officers who participate in small payoffs such as exchanging money for not writing a ticket are called:

A Grass Eaters

B police brutality

C meat eaters

Question #69

Officers who partake in a wide range of practices including abusive language, physical force, and/or violence are guilty of:

A meat eaters

B police brutality

C Grass Eaters

Question #70

In order for a stop to be permissible, officers must have

A proponderance of evidence

B probable cause

C reasonable suspicion

Question #71

Most police work is reactive, which means that police primarily:

A respond to citizen calls for service

B investigating criminal activities

C apprehending criminals

Question #72

Which court case determined that when officers act in good faith on a warrant, the evidence will not be excluded even if the warrant was issued improperly?

A tennessee v. garner(1985)

B Delaware v Prouse

C Miranda v Arizona (1966)

D United States v Leon (1984)

Question #73

Crimes that are committed and that are usually considered serious and are punished by more than a year in state or federal prison.

A felonies

B capital offense

Question #74

_______________________ are characterized by a division of labor, a chain of command, and rules to guide the activities of staff.

A Control

B felonies

C bureaucracies

Question #75

If victims wish to recoup their losses following a crime, they must rely on:

A criminal law

B property law

C civil law

Question #76

Which of the following indicates that for a crime to occur there must be an act of commission or omission by the accused?

A actus reus

B mala prohibita

C mala in se

Question #77

According to public opinion polls, which police function do citizens believe is most important?

A Peacekeeping

B Order maintenance

C law enforcement

D Service

Question #78

The police function of controlling crime by intervening in situations when the law has been violated and the police must apprehend the guilty person.

A Order maintenance

B Service

C Peacekeeping

D law enforcement

Question #79

Procedures criminal justice professionals must follow in enforcement, adjudication, and corrections are:

A substantive criminal law

B procedural criminal law

Question #80

These individuals are at highest risk of victimization for violent crime, according to the lifestyle-exposure model?

A Young, African-American males

B Latinos

C Asians

Question #81

Crimes such as gambling or prostitution that are not “wrong in themselves” but are prohibited by government, are known as:

A mala prohibita

B Control

C mala in se

Question #82

Offenses that are considered wrong by their very nature are traditionally referred to as:

A mala prohibita

B Control

C mala in se

Question #83

_________________ theories postulate that criminal behavior occurs when the bonds that tie and individual to society are broken or weakened.

A Control

B mala in se

C mala prohibita

Question #84

A source of crime data from interviews conducted to gather on unreported as well as reported crimes is called:

A the National Crime Victimization Survey

B Bureau of Justice Statistics

Question #85

Actions that violate laws defining which socially harmful behaviors will be subject to the government’s power to impose punishments.

A mala prohibita

B crimes

C mala in se

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