Final Lecture Exam

A  exfoliative toxin

B  enterotoxin

C  hemolysin

D  erythrogenic toxin

E  toxic shock syndrome toxin

A  animal to human

B  All of the choices are correct.

C  soil to human

D  fomites to human

E  human to human

A  meningitis

B  impetigo

C  scalded skin syndrome

D  acne

E  furuncles and carbuncles

A  lack spores

B  All of thechoices are correct.

C  have capsules

D  produce coagulase

E  are motile

A  Mechanical vectors

B  Direct contact

C  Body fluids

D  Blood

E  Fomites

A  herpes labialis

B  herpes keratitis

C  shingles

D  chickenpox

E  infectious mononucleosis

A  cannot be prevented at this time with vaccination

B  is a childhood febrile disease with a bright red rash on the cheeks

C  is caused by Parvovirus B19

D  has a maculopapular rash that lasts for days to weeks

E  All of the choices are correct.

A  Transmitted through both direct and indirect contact

B  Can be caused by Streptococcus pyogenes or Streptococcus pneumoniae

C  Treatment is with a broad-spectrum topical antibiotic

D  Has a clear discharge

E  Can be caused by Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae, or Neisseria gonorrhoeae

A  Protects against three different viral diseases

B  Contains toxoids

C  Is given in early childhood

D  Contains attenuated virus

E  None of the choices are correct.

A  staphylokinase

B    

C  catalase

D  exfoliative toxinA

E  exfoliative toxinB

F  lactase

A  causes roseola in infants and young children

B  a rash appears on the fourth day

C  starts with a high fever

D  it is a very rare form of herpesvirus

E  appears as a mononucleosis-like illness in adults

A  the skin microbiota changes constantly over time

B  All of the choices are correct.

C  high salt areas of the skin limit bacterial growth

D  the skin microbiome is much more varied than previously thought

E  vast numbers of organisms are found on expansive, dry areas of the skin

A  Prophylactic antibiotics

B  Good hygiene

C  Ivermectin treatment

D  Wear insect repellent

A  organisms have a unique combination of metabolic enzymes that are displayed when color-changing dyes are utilized to demonstrate their physiological response to specific substrates

B  organisms will not grow on certain media types and can be selected for on others

C  organisms display specific antigens that can be bound by color-changing antibodies that allow the clinician to locate and identify the pathogen

D  bacteriophages infect certain bacterial cells and the specificity can be used to identify the organism

A  Labeled identicalDNA

B  Unlabeledcomplementary DNA

C  Labeledcomplementary DNA

D  Labeledcomplementary RNA

A  Radioimmunoassay (RIA)

B  Western blot

C  Immunochromatography

D  Weil-Felix

E  Immunelectrophoresis

A  precipitation

B  agglutination

C  cross reaction

D  sensitivity

E  specificity

A  Specificity

B  Cross reaction

C  Precipitation

D  Agglutination

E  Sensitivity

A  precipitation

B  sensitivity

C  agglutination

D  specificity

E  cross reaction

A  Salmonella

B  Pseudomonas

C  Clostridium

D  Treponema pallidum

E  Streptococcus

A  Cross reactions

B  Specificity

C  Agglutination

D  Sensitivity

E  Precipitation

A  one known antibody, one unknown antibody, and an unknown antigen

B  two known antibodies andone unknown antigen

C  two known antibodies andone known antigen

D  a known antigen, an unknown antibody, and a known antibody

E  All of the choices are correct.

A  xenograft

B  autograft

C  isograft

D  hypograft

E  allograft

A  inherited two dominant genes

B  is at risk for a pregnancy resulting in hemolytic disease of the newborn

C  is in the majority of the population with regard to Rh status

D  can never have an Rh+ baby

E  All of thechoices are correct.

A  Involves an immune complex reaction

B  Serum sickness is a systemic response

C  Involves production of IgG and IgE antibodies

D  Antigen-antibody complexes are deposited in the basement membrane of epithelial tissues

E  The Arthus reaction is a local response

A  Immune complex mediated

B  Both anaphylaxis and antibody mediated

C  Both antibody mediated and immune complex mediated

D  Anaphylaxis

E  Antibody mediated

A  histopathology

B  immunopathology

C  hemopathology

D  epidemiology

E  humoralpathology

A  joining region

B  light region

C  variable region

D  constant region

E  hinge region

A  a set of genes that code for MHC glycoproteins

B  glycoproteins, called MHC antigens, found on all body cells

C  found on the third chromosome

D  located in the thymus gland

E  All of thechoices are correct.

A  superantigens

B  heterophilic antigens

C  autoantigens

D  None of the choices are correct.

E  allergens

A  secrete antibodies

B  function in allergic reactions

C  activate B cells and other T cells

D  directly destroy target cells

E  suppress immune reactions

A  increases metabolism

B  reduces the ability of temperature-sensitive organisms to multiply

C  increases phagocytosis

D  increases the availability of iron

E  stimulates hematopoiesis

A  lysozymes

B  leukotrines

C  pyrogens

D  complement

E  interferons

A  Liver, Endocrine glands, Skin

B  Vagina, Urethra, Mouth, Skin, Nose

C  Urethra, Endocrine glands, brain

D  Liver, Endocrine glands, brain

A  Adhesion

B  Phagocytosis

C  Margination

D  Encapsulation

E  Exocytosis

A  selective toxicity

B  nephrotoxicity

C  prophylaxis

D  synergism

E  chemotherapy

A  true

B  false

A  cephalosporin

B  isoniazid

C  penicillin

D  erythromycin

E  vancomycin

A  moist heat autoclave

B  pasteurization

C  boiling water

D  chlorination

E  hydrogen peroxide

A  121°C at 15 psi for 15 minutes

B  71.6°C for 15 seconds

C  63°C for 30 minutes

D  160°C for 2 hours

E  100°C for 30 minutes

A  Ethylene dioxide

B  Ultraviolet light

C  X rays

D  Formaldehyde

E  Moist heat

A  Bactericidal—kills bacteria
Bacteriostatic—inhibits the growth of bacteria

B  Bacteriostatic—kills bacteria
Bactericidal—inhibits the growth of bacteria

C  Bacteriostatic—inhibits the growth of bacteria
Bactericidal—inhibits the growth of bacteria

D  Bacteriostatic—kills bacteria
Bactericidal—kills bacteria

A  Found within nucleotides

B  Are nitrogenous bases

C  Only found in DNA, not in RNA

D  Include adenine and guanine

E  Always paired with a specific pyrimidine

A  medical insurance costs will likely skyrocket

B  the ability to create life from scratch raises a multitude of issues

C  mutations in manufactured cells will cause problems for existing organisms

D  oil and gas prices will increase as a result of the decreased demand for fossil fuels

A  genome

B  phenotype

C  genotype

D  proteotype

E  proteome

A  true

B  false

A  uses 2 ATPs, produces 4 ATPs, without using oxygen

B  None of the choices are correct.

C  uses 2 ATPs, produces 4 ATPs, and requires oxygen

D  uses 2 ATPs, produces 2 ATPs, without using oxygen

E  uses 2 ATPs, produces 2 ATPs, and requires oxygen

A  Krebs cycle

B  Preparation for Krebs cycle

C  Glycolysis

D  Electron transport system

A  3 ATP

B  24 ATP

C  38 ATP

D  42 ATP

E  2 ATP

A  3 ATP

B  36 ATP

C  2 ATP

D  24 ATP

E  38 ATP

A  3

B  5

C  4

D  6

A  oxygen

B  high salt

C  high acidity

D  temperatures above 37°C

E  carbon dioxide

A  Glucose

B  NH 3

C  CO 2

D  H 2O

E  CH 4

A  substrate concentration

B  size of the pores in the membrane

C  carrier proteins in the membrane

D  osmotic pressure

E  the size of the cell

A  peplomers

B  prophages

C  spikes

D  capsomeres

E  envelopes

A  bacteriophages

B  satellite viruses

C  viroids

D  prions

E  All of the choices infect bacteria.

A  Use of animalinoculation, Use of enriched broth media, Use of enrichedagar media

B  Inoculation ofembryonated eggs, Use of enriched broth media, Use of enrichedagar media

C  Use of cellculture techniques, Use of enriched broth media, Use of enrichedagar media

D  Use of cellculture techniques, Use of animalinoculation, Inoculation ofembryonated eggs

A  chronic latent viruses

B  inclusion bodies

C  syncytia

D  cytopathic

E  oncoviruses

A  cytopathic

B  oncoviruses

C  chronic latent viruses

D  syncytia

E  inclusion bodies

A  All of the choices are correct.

B  metabolically inactive

C  living structures

D  resistant to destruction by radiation

E  resistant to heat and chemical destruction

A  false

B  true

A  Thin layer of peptidoglycan, Lipopolysaccharide, Outer membrane

B  Thin layer of peptidoglycan, Lipopolysaccharide, Outer membrane, Lipoteichoic acids

C  Teichoic acids, Thick layer of peptidoglycan, Cell membrane, Lipoteichoic acids

D  Thin layer of peptidoglycan, Lipopolysaccharide, Cell membrane

A  Filament, hook, basal body

B  Basal body, filament, hook

C  Hook, basal body, filament

D  Filament, basal body, hook

E  Basal body, hook, filament

A  fastidious

B  microaerophilic

C  autotrophic

D  anaerobic

E  aerobic

A  Ignaz Semmelweis

B  Louis Pasteur

C  Joseph Lister

D  Robert Koch

E  Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

A  Egyptians using moldy bread on wounds

B  Bacteria in the soil secreting an antibiotic to kill competitors

C  Escherichia coli producing human insulin

D  A microbiologist using the microscope to study bacteria

E  Public health officials monitoring diseases in a community

A  Aseptic techniques could reduce the number of wound infections in the surgical setting.

B  Biofilms can form on implanted objects in the human body and be responsible for infection.

C  Very little DNA is transcribed into RNA that is then translated into proteins.

D  Enzymes found in bacteria can be used to cut DNA.

A  protozoa

B  parasitic worms

C  molds

D  bacteria

E  infectious particles

A  glucose

B  ribose

C  fructose

D  deoxyribose

E  glycogen