Lecture Exam 3 (Ch 9, 10, 11)

A  contact with pathogens

B  None of the choices are correct.

C  pathogens penetrating host defenses

D  contact with microorganisms

E  microorganisms colonizing the body

A  All of the choices are correct.

B  breast feeding

C  contact with hospital staff

D  bottle feeding

E  the birth process through the birth canal

A  False

B  True

A  All of thechoices are correct.

B  toxins that target the intestines

C  proteins

D  virulence factors

E  exotoxins

A  genital system

B  skin

C  respiratory system

D  urinary system

E  gastrointestinal system

A  True

B  False

A  Production of leukocidins

B  Ability to survive intracellularly

C  Adhering to the host

D  Secretion of a capsule

E  Secretion of slime

A  antiphagocytic factors

B    

C  only released after a cell is damaged or lysed

D  proteins

E  lipopolysaccharides

F  secretions that always target nervous tissue

A  Coagulase – dissolve fibrin clots

B  Leukocidins – damage white blood cells

C  Hemolysins – damage red blood cells

D  Fimbriae – adherence to substrate

E  Capsules – antiphagocytic factor

A  polymicrobial

B  vector-borne

C  zoonotic

D  noncommunicable

A  respiratory system

B  gastrointestinal system

C  genital system

D  urinary system

E  skin

A  Phagocytosis

B  Encapsulation

C  Exocytosis

D  Adhesion

E  Margination

A  True

B  False

A  indigenous biota

B  virulence factor

C  infectious dose

D  minimal dose

E  endotoxin

A  bacteria

B  protozoans

C  All of the choices are correct.

D  fungi

E  viruses

A  before birth, in utero

B  during puberty

C  during and immediately after birth

D  when a child first goes to school

E  when an infant gets its first infectious disease

A  False

B  True

A  endogenous

B  an exotoxin

C  exogenous

D  an enterotoxin

E  axenic

A  latent

B  persistent

C  asymptomatic

D  chronic

A  To eradicate thosemembers of the normal microbiota that may potentially cause disease.
To determine therole the human microbiota plays in health and disease.

B  To eradicate those members of the normal microbiota that may potentially cause disease
To determine antibiotic susceptibility of the most prevalent microorganisms among human microbiota

C  To determine the role the human microbiota plays in health and disease
To enumerate all of the members of the human microbiota, both those that can be cultured and those that are nonculturable

D  To determine antibiotic susceptibility of the most prevalent microorganisms among human microbiota
To enumerate all of the members of the human microbiota, both those that can be cultured and those that are culturable

A  False

B  True

A  True

B  False

A  Causing an overreaction of the host immune system

B  Secretion of exotoxins

C  Epigenetic changes

D  Causing direct damage through exoenzymes

A  Bats are the source of most cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

B  Bats do not represent either the source or the reservoir for SARS-CoV-2.

C  Bats are the reservoir and the major source for SARS-CoV-2 in this pandemic.

D  Bats are the reservoir for SARS-CoV-2.

A  The microbe uses an alternative pathway to circumvent the blocked pathway.
An altered target site prevents the antimicrobial agent from binding to its target.
The permeability of the microbial envelope to the antimicrobial agent is decreased.
Microbes use the antimicrobial agent as an energy source
Microbial efflux pumps remove the antimicrobial agent by pumping it out of the cell.

B  The microbe uses an alternative pathway to circumvent the blocked pathway.
An altered target site prevents the antimicrobial agent from binding to its target.
Microbes use the antimicrobial agent as an energy source
A microbial enzyme inactivates the antimicrobial agent.
Microbial efflux pumps remove the antimicrobial agent by pumping it out of the cell.

C  The microbe uses an alternative pathway to circumvent the blocked pathway.
An altered target site prevents the antimicrobial agent from binding to its target.
The permeability of the microbial envelope to the antimicrobial agent is decreased.
A microbial enzyme inactivates the antimicrobial agent.
Microbial efflux pumps remove the antimicrobial agent by pumping it out of the cell.

D  The microbe uses an alternative pathway to circumvent the blocked pathway.
Microbes use the antimicrobial agent as an energy source
The permeability of the microbial envelope to the antimicrobial agent is decreased.
A microbial enzyme inactivates the antimicrobial agent.
Microbial efflux pumps remove the antimicrobial agent by pumping it out of the cell.

A  Methods that directly interfere with cell respiration in bacteria, Interfering with synthesis of bacterial capsules/glycocalyx, Bacteriophage therapy

B  Methods that directly interfere with cell respiration in bacteria, Making use of host and bacterial defense peptides, Interfering with synthesis of bacterial capsules/glycocalyx

C  CRISPR, Making use of host and bacterial defense peptides, Bacteriophage therapy, RNA interference–directed at bacterial mRNAs

D  CRISPR, Methods that directly interfere with cell respiration in bacteria, Interfering with synthesis of bacterial capsules/glycocalyx,

A  erythromycin

B  penicillin

C  isoniazid

D  cephalosporin

E  vancomycin

A  False

B  True

A  They are used to treat viral infections. They include topical medications that can be used to treat cutaneous infections.

B  They include topical medications that can be used to treat cutaneous infections. They include fluconazole which is used to treat AIDS-related mycoses. They are used to treat fungal infections.

C  They are used to treat viral infections. They are used to treat fungal infections.

A  False

B  True

A  folic acid biosynthesis

B  None of the choices are correct.

C    

D  ribosome biosynthesis

E  nucleic acid biosynthesis

F  peptidoglycan biosynthesis

A  high toxicity against microbial cells

B  low toxicity for human tissues

C  stable and soluble in body tissues and fluids

D  All of the choices are correct.

E  do not cause serious side effects in humans

A  False

B  True

A  narrow-spectrum drugs

B  semisynthetic drugs

C  antibiotics

D  broad-spectrum drugs

E  synthetic drugs

A  Aztreonam

B  Penicillinase

C  Synercid

D  Clavulanic acid

E  Imipenem

A  attach to the 30S ribosomal subunit and disrupt protein synthesis

B  block folic acid synthesis

C  block peptidases that cross-link glycan molecules

D  damage cell membranes

E  interfere with elongation of peptidoglycan

A  False

B  True

A  False

B  True

A  False

B  True

A  False

B  True

A  selective toxicity

B  synergism

C  prophylaxis

D  chemotherapy

E  nephrotoxicity

A  streptomycin

B  gentamycin

C  erythromycin

D  polymyxins

E  tetracycline

A  Macrolide polyenes, Beta-lactams, Aminoglycosides, Echinocandins

B  Azoles, Beta-lactams, Aminoglycosides, Echinocandins

C  Beta-lactams, Aminoglycosides, Allylamines, Azoles

D  Allylamines, Azoles, Macrolide polyenes, Echinocandins

A  False

B  True

A  interfere with elongation of peptidoglycan

B  block peptidases that cross-link glycan molecules

C  damage cell membranes

D  attach to the 30S ribosomal subunit and disrupt protein synthesis

E  block folic acid synthesis

A  Streptococcus, Staphylococcus

B  Streptococcus, Penicillium

C  Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Cephalosporium

D  Streptomyces, Bacillus, Cephalosporium, Penicillium

A  damage to nucleic acids

B  damage to the target organisms but not host cells

C  damage to pathogenic organisms

D  damage to prokaryotic cell membranes

E  None of the choices are correct.

A  False

B  True

A  True

B  False

A  sanitization

B  sterilization.

C  degermation

D  antisepsis

A  High; dry

B  Dry; moist

C  Moist; high

D  High; moist

E  Moist; dry

A  sporicidal time

B  thermal death time (TDT)

C  None of the choices are correct

D  death phase point

E  thermal death point (TDP)

A  decontamination

B  antisepsis

C  disinfection

D  sterilization

E  virilization

A  True

B  False

A  cannot sterilize

B  includes tyndallization

C  is less efficient than moist heat

D  is used in devices called autoclaves

E  will sterilize at 121°C for 15 minutes

A  ribosomes

B  cell walls

C  cell membranes

D  cytoplasm

E  cellular proteins

A  bactericidal

B  None of the choices are correct

C  bacteriostatic

D  sterilization

E  decontamination

A  disrupting membrane integrity

B  blocking transport into the organism

C  coating the organism, preventing interaction with its environment

D  blocking transport out from the organism

E  All of the choices are correct

A  disinfection

B  sterilization

C  antisepsis

D  decontamination

E  sanitation

A  alcohol

B  X rays

C  moist heat

D  metallic ions

E  acids

A  mycobacteria and staphylococci

B  protozoan cysts

C  vegetative bacteria and fungi

D  endospores

E  prions

A  True

B  False

A  True

B  False

A  boiling water

B  pasteurization

C  ultraviolet radiation

D  HEPA filters

E  hydrogen peroxide

A  steam autoclave

B  boiling water

C  flash pasteurization

D  hot water

E  All of the choices are correct

A  True

B  False

A  Bactericide

B  Sporicide

C  Germicide

D  Fungicide

E  Virucide

A  sanitization

B  disinfection

C  degermation

D  antisepsis

E  sterilization

A  reduces the number of vegetative forms

B  reduces the number of endospores

C  increases food nutrient value

D  None of the choices are correct

E  kills all vegetative forms

A  Cellular synthesis of DNA and RNA, Cell wall, Cell membrane, Proteins

B  Lysosomes, Proteins

C  Cell membrane, Lysosomes

D  Cellular synthesis of DNA and RNA, Lysosomes

A  True

B  False

A  death phase point

B  thermal death time (TDT)

C  None of the choices are correct

D  sporicidal time

E  thermal death point (TDP)