Lecture Exam 1 _Ch 1, 2, 3, 4

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Question #1

Which is not a characteristic of fungi?

A Have cell walls

B Include single-celled and filamentous forms

C Can use a wide variety of nutrients

D Heterotrophic nutrition

E Photosynthetic

Question #2

All of the following are found in some or all protozoa except ________.

A heterotrophic nutrition

B ectoplasm and endoplasm

C formation of a cyst stage

D cell wall

E motility

Question #3

The motile, feeding stage of protozoa is called the _______.

A cyst

B sporozoite

C oocyst

D food vacuole

E trophozoite

Question #4

Filamentous fungi are called _______.

A molds

B septa

C dimorphic

D mycelium

E pseudohyphae

Question #5

Which is mismatched?

A Histoplasma—fungus that causes Ohio Valley fever

B Trichomonas—sexually transmitted vaginal infection

C Giardia— causes intestinal distress; transmitted by feces in drinking water

D Plasmodium—protozoan that causes Chagas disease

E Naegleria—amoeba that causes brain infection

Question #6

Histones are ________.

A proteins of the cytoskeleton

B proteins associated with DNA in the nucleus

C enzymes found in lysosomes

D on the surface of rough endoplasmic reticulum

E found in polyribosomes

Question #7

Select the organisms that typically have cell walls.

A Protozoa and Animals

B Algae, Plants, and Fungi

C Algae, Protozoa and Animals

D Fungi, Protozoa and Animals

Question #8

Fungi that grow as yeast at one temperature but will grow as mold at another temperature are called _______.

A dimorphic

B parasites

C saprobes

D pseudohyphae

E spores

Question #9

Most fungi obtain nutrients from dead plants and animals. These fungi are called _______.

A nonseptate

B substrates

C saprobes

D parasites

E dimorphic

Question #10

The site for ribosomal RNA synthesis is the ______.

A ribosome

B lysosome

C nucleolus

D nucleus

E Golgi apparatus

Question #11

Select all of the groups on this list that contain eukaryotic microorganisms.

A Algae, Protozoa, Helminths, and Fungi

B Protozoa, Bacteria, Viruses and Archaea

C Protozoa, Bacteria, Viruses and Fungi

D Bacteria, Viruses and Archaea

Question #12

Eukaryotic flagella differ from bacterial flagella because only eukaryotic flagella ________.

A are long, whiplike structures

B are used for cell motility

C facilitate chemotaxis

D contain microtubules

E facilitate phototaxis

Question #13

An organelle that is a stack of flattened, membranous sacs and functions to receive, modify, and package proteins for cell secretion is the ________.

A Golgi apparatus

B mitochondria

C lysosome

D chloroplast

E endoplasmic reticulum

Question #14

During unfavorable growth conditions, many protozoa can convert to a resistant, dormant stage called a(n) ______.

A cyst

B seed

C endospore

D sporozoa

E trophozoite

Question #15

The cytoskeleton ________.

A helps maintain cell shape

B functions in movements of the cytoplasm

C provides support

D All of the choices are correct.

E anchors organelles

Question #16

There are nine peripheral pairs and one central pair of _______ found inside eukaryotic flagella and cilia.

A flagella

B microtubules

C filaments

D None of the choices are correct.

E cilia

Question #17

When a eukaryotic cell is not undergoing mitosis, the DNA and its associated proteins appear as a visible network of dark fibers called the _____.

A nucleolus

B nuclear envelope

C nucleosome

D chromatin

E nucleoplasm

Question #18

Select characteristics exhibited by BOTH bacterial and eukaryotic cytoplasmic membranes.

A Sterols, Selectively permeable barrier, and Embedded proteins

B Sterols, Transport systems and Phospholipid bilayer

C Transport systems, Selectively permeable barrier, and Sterols

D Phospholipid bilayer, Transport systems, Selectively permeable barrier, and Embedded proteins

Question #19

The gram-positive cell wall is considered stronger than that of gram-negative cells since its hydrophobic outer membrane contains an endotoxin.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #20

Which term is not used to describe bacterial cell shapes?

A Spirochete

B Coccus

C Vibrio

D Rod

E Tetrad

Question #21

The short, numerous appendages used by some bacterial cells for adhering to surfaces are called _______.

A flagella

B sex pili

C cilia

D periplasmic flagella (axial filaments)

E fimbriae

Question #22

Which structure protects bacteria from being phagocytized by white blood cells?

A Capsule

B Fimbriae

C Slime layer

D All of the choices are correct.

E Cell membrane

Question #23

Plasmids ________.

A are found in all bacteria

B cannot be passed between organisms

C are essential for growth and metabolism

D are often the site of pathogenic genes

E cannot be passed on to progeny

Question #24

All of the following structures contribute to the ability of pathogenic bacteria to cause disease except the _______.

A slime layer

B fimbriae

C inclusions

D LPS

E capsule

Question #25

The term that refers to the presence of flagella over the cell surface is _______.

A atrichous

B monotrichous

C peritrichous

D amphitrichous

E lophotrichous

Question #26

Bacterial endospores are not produced by _______.

A Clostridium

B Bacillus

C All of thechoices are correct.

D Sporosarcina

E Staphylococcus

Question #27

When an endospore germinates, it develops into multiple vegetative cells ensuring reproductive success.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #28

The transfer of genes during bacterial conjugation involves rigid, tubular appendages called _______.

A flagella

B cilia

C fimbriae

D sex pili

E periplasmic flagella (axial filaments)

Question #29

A bacterial cell wall that has primarily peptidoglycan with small amounts of teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid is _______.

A gram-positive

B a spheroplast

C gram-negative

D found in archaea

E acid fast

Question #30

The chemical components of ribosomes are proteins and _______.

A All of thechoices are correct.

B rRNA

C mRNA

D tRNA

E None of thechoices is correct.

Question #31

During the Gram stain, ______ cells decolorize when the alcohol is applied.

A gram-negative

B gram-positive

D both gram-positive and -negative

Question #32

Lysozyme is most effective against _______.

A archaea

B cyanobacteria

C gram-negative organisms

D gram-positive organisms

E mycoplasmas

Question #33

Each bacterial species represents a distinct organism that can produce viable offspring when mating with other bacteria of its kind.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #34

Endospores are ________.

A All of the choices are correct.

B metabolically inactive

C resistant to destruction by radiation

D resistant to heat and chemical destruction

E living structures

Question #35

Peptidoglycan is a unique macromolecule found in bacterial _______.

A capsules

B slime layers

C cell walls

D inclusions

E cell membranes

Question #36

Which of the following is not true of the outer membrane?

A The lipid portionof the lipopolysaccharide layer is an endotoxin.

B The uppermost layer is made of lipopolysaccharides.

C The porinproteins create channels through the outer membrane.

D Gram-positivebacteria have an outer membrane.

E The innermost layer is a phospholipid bilayer.

Question #37

A flagellum is anchored into the bacterial cell envelope by its _______.

A hook

B basal body

C sheath

D filament

E outer membrane

Question #38

Bacteria that require special growth factors and complex nutrients are termed _____.

A fastidious

B autotrophic

C aerobic

D microaerophilic

E anaerobic

Question #39

Which of the following magnifies the specimen to produce its real image?

A Ocular lens

B Body

C Objective lens

D Nosepiece

E Condenser

Question #40

Which of the following is not an inoculating tool?

A Swab

B Needle

C Loop

D Pipette

E Petri dish

Question #41

All of the following pertain to the fluorescence microscope except ______.

A it requires an ultraviolet radiation source

B it requires the use of dyes like acridine and fluorescein

C it is commonly used to diagnose certain infections

D it is a type of compound microscope

E it uses electrons to produce a specimen image

Question #42

A common medium used for growing fastidious bacteria is ______.

A mannitol salt agar

B a reducing medium

C trypticase soy agar

D blood agar

E MacConkey medium

Question #43

Which type of medium is able to distinguish different species or types of microorganisms based on an observable change in the colonies or in the medium?

A Enriched

B Selective

C Reducing

D Differential

E Enumeration

Question #44

Which of the following characteristics refers to the microscope’s ability to show two separate entities as separate and distinct?

A None of the choices are correct.

B Refraction

C All of thechoices are correct.

D Resolving power

E Magnification

Question #45

Select the methods below that enable the isolation of bacteria.

A Gram stain, Loop dilution, Bright-field microscopy, Use of selective media,

B Gram stain, Loop dilution, Spread plate, Use of selective media,

C Loop dilution, Spread plate, Use of selective media, Quadrant streak plate

D Gram stain, Bright-field microscopy, Spread plate, Use of selective media,

Question #46

A microbiologist makes a fixed smear of bacterial cells and stains them with Loeffler’s methylene blue. All the cells appear blue under the oil lens. This is an example of ______.

A using the acid-fast stain

B capsule staining

C using an acidic dye

D simple staining

E negative staining

Question #47

Which type of microscope bombards a whole, metal-coated specimen with electrons moving back and forth over it?

A Transmission electron

B Scanning electron

C Differential interference contrast

D Fluorescence

E Phase contrast

Question #48

The specimen preparation that is best for viewing cell motility is ______.

A Gram stain

B hanging drop

C fixed stained smear

D negative stain

E flagellar stain

Question #49

A microbiologist inoculates Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli into a culture medium. Following incubation, only the E. coli grows in the culture. What is the most likely explanation?

A The culturemedium must be selective.

B The culture iscontaminated.

C Themicrobiologist used too much inoculum.

D The culturemedium must be differential.

E The incubationtemperature was incorrect.

Question #50

Which of the following is not a benefit of agar as a solid medium?

A Has flexibility

B Holds moisture

C Is digested by most microbes

D Can be inoculated and poured at a temperature that is not harmful

E Is solid at room temperature

Question #51

A nutrient medium that contains at least one ingredient that is NOT chemically definable would be termed _____.

A minimal

B synthetic

C complex

D enriched

E reducing

Question #52

Which type of microscope does not use light in forming the specimen image?

A Electron

B Bright field

C Phase contrast

D Dark field

E Fluorescence

Question #53

Which type of media would be the best choice when shipping a sample of bacteria to a laboratory to be tested from a satellite office site?

A Blood

B Transport

C EMB

D General purpose

E Thioglycollate

Question #54

Agar is a complex polysaccharide that comes from a(n) _____.

A algae

B fungus

C euglena

D mold

E green plant

Question #55

The type of microscope in which you would see brightly illuminated specimens against a black background is _____.

A electron

B bright field

C fluorescence

D dark field

E phase contrast

Question #56

Select the elements necessary for good microscopy.

A Ability to observe cells in the living state, Contrast, Specimen holder

B Ability to observe cells in the living state, Adequate magnification, Specimen holder

C Adequate magnification, Contrast, Resolution

D Ability to observe cells in the living state, Use of wavelengths other than the visible spectrum, Specimen holder

Question #57

Nucleic acids have primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary levels of organization.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #58

A scientist studying the sequence of nucleotides in the rRNA of a bacterial species is working on ________.

A recombinant DNA

B nomenclature

C bioremediation

D determining evolutionary relatedness

E determining if that species is the cause of a new disease

Question #59

Helminths are _____.

A bacteria

B protozoa

C molds

D infectious particles

E parasitic worms

Question #60

Organic chemicals always have a basic framework of the element _____ bonded to other atoms.

A phosphorous

B oxygen

C carbon

D hydrogen

E nitrogen

Question #61

Most microorganisms that are found in and on humans do not cause harm and can sometimes benefit the host.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #62

All proteins are enzymes.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #63

Which statement correctly compares the sizes of different microorganisms?

A Eukaryotic microorganisms are smaller than viruses

B Bacteria are larger than eukaryotic microorganisms

C Bacteria are larger than viruses

D Archaea are larger than eukaryotic microorganisms but smaller than bacteria

Question #64

Taxonomy does not involve _____.

A classification

B nomenclature

C taxa

D common name

E identification

Question #65

The most prevalent worldwide infectious diseases are _____.

A diarrheal diseases

B malaria diseases

C measles

D respiratory diseases

E AIDS-related diseases

Question #66

Select the correct descending taxonomic hierarchy:

A kingdom, domain,phylum

B genus, species,family

C class, phylum,order

D family, genus,species

E family, order,class

Question #67

Which group of microorganisms is composed only of hereditary material wrapped in a protein covering?

A Helminths

B Parasites

C Bacteria

D Fungi

E Viruses

Question #68

Despite the lack of a membrane-bound nucleus, bacteria and archaea are cells with a complex organizational structure.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #69

Disease-causing microorganisms are called _____.

A prokaryotes

B pathogens

C eukaryotes

D decomposers

E fermenters

Question #70

When humans manipulate the genes of microorganisms, the process is called _____.

A epidemiology

B genetic engineering

C immunology

D bioremediation

E taxonomy

Question #71

Cells, like bacteria and archaea, that do not have a nucleus in their cells have traditionally been called _____.

A prokaryotes

B pathogens

C decomposers

D fermenters

E eukaryotes

Question #72

Koch’s postulates are criteria used to establish that ______.

A life forms can only arise from preexisting life forms

B microbes can be used to clean up toxic spills

C a specific microbe should be classified in a specific kingdom

D microbes are found on dust particles

E a specific microbe is the cause of a specific disease

Question #73

All microorganisms are best defined as organisms that ______.

A are infectious particles

B lack a cell nucleus

C are too small to be seen with the unaided eye

D cause human disease

E can only be found growing in laboratories

Question #74

All of the following are lipids except _____.

A starch

B wax

C triglyceride

D phospholipid

E cholesterol

Question #75

The Dutch merchant who made and used quality magnifying lenses to see and record microorganisms was _____.

A Francesco Redi

B Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

C Joseph Lister

D Louis Pasteur

E Robert Koch

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Lecture Exam 1 _Ch 1, 2, 3, 4

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