Exam 1

A  Deviant lying

B  Accepted lying

C  Tolerated lying

D  Justified lying

A  Deterrence theory

B  Restorative theory

C  Denunciation theory

D  Deontological theory

A  Sociological

B  Organizational

C  Psychological

D  Geographical

A  punishing some innocent people is a price of general deterrence

B  punishment is a censure of offenders

C  offenders have taken unfair advantage of others

D  offenders are paying a debt to society

A  judicial rule-making

B  police promotions

C  internal codes and regulations

D  legislative regulation

A  Involving citizens will ensure more citizen arrests are made, thereby helping the police

B  Individual complainants and public will have higher level of confidence in integrity of police practice

C  Involving citizens is likely to deter police misconduct

D  Involving citizens is likely to result in more objective and thorough investigations

A  It works only if we fix offenders while we lock them up

B  It works only if those we lock up are not immediately replaced by new recruits

C  It works only if we lock up those who would have committed further offenses if they had been left free

D  It works only if the crimes committed after release are not so frequent or serious so as to negate the effects of the crimes prevented through incapacitative sentencing

A  It lacks any principle that determines a properly commensurate sentence

B  It fails to take account of the fact that there are multiple discretions involved in the sentencing power

C  It fails to account for the problem of just deserts in an unjust world

D  It provides closure to victims

A  The prosecution attempting to intimidate or improperly influence key witnesses.

B  Prosecutors threatened to issue a grand jury subpoena to the 13-year-old son of one defendant and to force the boy to testify against his father.

C  All of the other answers

D  Prosecutors contacted the employer of a witness who refused to cooperate and caused her to be terminated from that employment.

A  It should appeal to a persons rational understanding

B  An offender charged with felonies

C  It should provide reconciliation with the community

D  An unrepentant offender

A  It provides answers to issues and spurs debate.

B  Values of different historical periods are valid throughout time

C  It operates as a moral isolationism

D  Cultures are totally isolated from one another

A  we should be willing to have our own societys shortcomings exposed

B  there is no possibility that there are moral absolutes

C  we can learn from the morality of other societies

D  we must accept the fact that there are differences in the morality of different societies

A  Practical racism

B  Personal prejudice

C  Ideological racism

D  Institutional racism

A  Violent outbursts

B  Access to a dependable support system

C  Improved communication skills

D  Taking regular vacations

A  the emergency operator

B  the social peacekeeper

C  the snappy bureaucrat

D  the social enforcer

A  All are equally morally problematic

B  There is sufficient evidence to believe target is likely to commit a crime

C  The entrapment succeeds as a technique of detection where other methods, such as complaints investigation, have failed

D  The person would have committed the crime or a similar crime whether he or she was a victim of the entrapment or not

A  Are not worthy of discussion because the research is poorly done

B  Almost unanimously show the influence of racial factors

C  Are mixed

D  Almost unanimously show that race has no influence

A  The means used to achieve good end are not normally considered morally wrong

B  The use of means is perceived by the officer to be the best or only practicable means of ensuring the good end is met

C  The good likely to be achieved by using dirty hands far outweighs the bad consequences of using dirty means

D  The officer has opportunity to achieve morally good end or outcome and intends to do so

A  Deaths in Custody Reporting Act of 2013

B  Deaths in Custody Reporting Act of 2000

C  Deaths by Personnel Reporting Act of 2000

D  Deaths by Police Reporting Act of 2000

A  Extralegal force theory

B  Angry aggression theory

C  Use of force theory

D  Use of aggression theory

A  Indicting

B  Overcharging

C  Charging

D  Filing multiple prosecutorial information documents at the same time

A  They do not qualify as moral issue due to the government being above common people

B  While there is some evidence, they largely do not exist

C  It is not for policy makers to get involved in eradicating racial inequalities

D  They have been clearly identified, but nevertheless persist

A  emphasis on severity of punishment

B  micro- or macro-level approach

C  ability to justify the stated purposes of punishment

D  perspective, as being forward-looking (future) or backward-looking past)

A  Ethical issue in criminal justice and public policy

B  Ethical problem in personal and professional commitments to clients

C  Ethical problem in the use of authority

D  Ethical problem in the relationship between personal and professional interests

A  Bureaucratic rationality

B  Punishment rationality

C  Restorative detention

D  Rehabilitative detention

A  Historic view

B  Superiority view

C  Modern view

D  Paternalistic view

A  a suspect that advances toward an officer in a threatening manner

B  a fleeing felon who tries to escape

C  a suspect that poses a threat to himself or third person

D  a suspect who is suspected of being armed

A  ethics is not studied at police academies

B  the potential of abuse of discretion and the powers of arrest and use of force society grants to law enforcement personnel

C  CJ professionals have historically ignored ethics in their decision making

D  unethical behavior is more rampant in criminal justice that other fields

A  results from poor leadership in the department.

B  is caused by pressure from the public to solve crime by any means available

C  is a function of defective officers.

D  starts out involving small amounts or harms and then slowly increases/escalates

A  trust

B  neutrality

C  reliance

D  honesty

A  Disadvantage

B  Less eligibility

C  Punishment

D  Imprisonment

A  Act without bias or prejudice and follow the law

B  See that the guilty are punished and that the public interest is protected

C  See that the public interest is protected and integrity of the court upheld

D  See that justice is done and that the guilty are punished

A  Ethical problem dealing with human rights issues in the criminal justice system

B  Ethical issue resulting from policing policies

C  Ethical issue in the media reporting of crime

D  Ethical problem in information sharing

A  Courts have recognized the need for prosecutors to hide exculpatory evidence in some cases

B  Courts as well as commentators have recognized that the ethical obligation is more demanding than the constitutional obligation

C  Commentators recommend that misdemeanor cases revert to a preponderance of the evidence as the burden of proof to speed up the trial process

D  That in some circumstances, the defense attorney may break privilege when the attorney clearly knows the defendant is guilty

A  Scientific

B  Confession

C  Hard

D  Polygraph

A  Require the prosecutor to get special permission to question the juror

B  Lead to the conviction of innocent defendants

C  Render it precisely the type of judgment most likely to be biased by race

D  All the defense attorney to file a motion of in re delimited

A  Blacks receive proportionately fewer sentences of probation than whites

B  Blacks are disproportionately given more severe sentences than whites.

C  Past criminal record affects sentencing more than race

D  Blacks receive proportionately more three-strikes sentences than whites

A  A minor relevant

B  Is a relevant

C  Not a relevant

D  A moderately relevant

A  It must be imposed by law enforcement before the offender goes to court

B  It must involve an unpleasantness for the offender

C  It must be for an offense

D  It must be deserved

A  Ethical issue in the media reporting of crime

B  Ethical problem dealing with human rights issues in the criminal justice system

C  Ethical issue resulting from policing policies

D  Ethical problem in information sharing

A  Grand apartheid is evident everywhere in the country.

B  There is discrimination in some places at specific decision-making points.

C  Jim Crow laws still result in discrimination against minorities.

D  There is systematic ethnic discrimination.

A  Fires the attorney

B  Refuses to pay the agreed-upon fee

C  Consults the attorney in furtherance of crime or fraud

D  Is actually guilty of the crime charged

A  the police subculture

B  police discretion

C  police corruption

D  police use of excessive force

A  Ethical problem in the relationship between personal and professional interests

B  Ethical problem in the use of authority

C  Ethical issue in criminal justice and public policy

D  Ethical problem in personal and professional commitments to clients

A  symbolic aspect of social conflict

B  consensus theory

C  moral panics

D  conflict theory

A  Ecological studies

B  Perceptual studies

C  Interrupted time-series studies

D  Socioeconomic studies

A  Is basically a passive umpire or referee

B  Is an active participant in presentation of the case

C  Has the final say on ethical issues

D  Can control lawyer strategy

A  mythology.

B  mystique.

C  demeanor.

D  culture.

A  Can continue and require that the prosecution prove the case beyond a reasonable doubt

B  Enter a plea of guilty on behalf of the client

C  May withdraw from the case if the judge is informed of this reason

D  Is required to withdraw from the case

A  Ethical problem in information sharing

B  Ethical problem dealing with human rights issues in the criminal justice system

C  Ethical issue resulting from policing policies

D  Ethical issue in the media reporting of crime

A  Do not require individual decision making beyond the decision of whether one is in favor of, or opposed to, a particular social issue

B  All of the other answers

C  Do not require most individuals to decide the issue does not mean an individual is helpless to influence public debate on a social issue

D  Usually and issue of public policy

A  they establish grounds for discipline

B  they assure the public that police are required to follow certain standards

C  they establish norms of behavior

D  they create rules the public can rely upon

A  Criminalization hypothesis

B  Masculinity hypothesis

C  Mental hypothesis

D  Emancipation hypothesis

A  Seek the most severe punishment legally authorized

B  Not engage in plea bargaining

C  See that the defendant has the best qualified attorney available

D  Reveal evidence to the defense if that evidence tends to negate guilt

A  were well-trained, well-equipped and well-supervised.

B  were relatively immune from politics and corruption.

C  saw their primary job as keeping the good will of the people.

D  operated with few legal and ethical controls.

A  All of the others are reasons commonly given

B  It is crucial that ethical decisions are made, and the study of ethics enables the development of tools that enhance ethical decision making

C  The study of ethics increases sensitivity to issues of right and wrong and the right way to conduct oneself, and aids in identifying acts that have a moral content

D  It is important to have the capacity to point to moral reasoning in justifying behavior, and the study of ethics develops that capacity

A  There are no statistically significant differences in rates between the three groups

B  The White rate is higher than either the Black or Hispanic rate

C  The Black rate is higher than either the Hispanic or white rate

D  The Hispanic rate is higher than either the Black or white rate

A  Firm grips

B  Persuasive verbalization

C  Command verbalization

D  Presence

A  The frequency of arrests of black in proportion to whites

B  The neighborhoods in which arrests take place

C  The frequency of arrests of blacks for sale of cocaine and heroin in proportion to whites

D  The frequency of police shooting of blacks in proportion to whites

A  One-third of the U.S. states meet international standards for police use of force requiring legislation to state that lethal force may be used as a last resort.

B  Half of the U.S. states meet international standards for police use of force requiring legislation to state that lethal force may be used as a last resort.

C  All of the U.S. states meet international standards for police use of force requiring legislation to state that lethal force may be used as a last resort.

D  None of the U.S. states meet international standards for police use of force requiring legislation to state that lethal force may be used as a last resort.