Exam 2

A  Use of modeling clay to construct an anatomical model

B  Associations of semantic memories

C  Analogous to the visuospatial sketchpad representing spatial information

D  Knowledge structure regarding concepts and sequence of activities

E  Schemas regarding dynamic systems which vary on degree of completeness and correctness

A  Lifting heavy memories to build up strength

B  Recalling a memory in quick succession

C  Utilizing knowledge-in-the-world

D  Waiting until a memory is almost forgotten, then recalling it

E  Writing the memory down so that it becomes Knowledge in the World

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Disassociations

B  Superiority of letters over numbers

C  Pulsing of Long-term memories

D  Cognitive dissonance

E  Alpha-numeric bias

A  Very hard to explain using words (e.g., how to tie a shoe)

B  Is a subtype of declarative memory

C  Develops from a singular event, usually visual in nature

D  Easy to put into words (e.g., the route you took to work)

E  Relies on intuition instead of practice

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Delayed rewards and repetition during new contexts

B  Delayed rewards and selective attention

C  Repetition during similar contexts and immediate rewards

D  Repetition during new contexts and immediate rewards

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Pass-phrases are easier to remember due to associations, and harder to crack due to higher character counts

B  Pass-phrases are harder to remember due to associations, and easier to crack due to higher character counts

C  Pass-phrases are harder to remember due to disassociations, and harder to crack due to dictionary attack methods

D  Pass-phrases are easier to remember due to disassociations, and harder to crack due to dictionary attack methods

A  Utilize spaced practice

B  Ask a friend for answers

C  Re-read each chapter

D  Defer to knowledge in the universe

E  Use mass practice

A  Negative transfer

B  Visuospatial sketchpad

C  Short-term memory

D  Phonological loop

E  Long-term memory

A  STM, LTM, and ATM

B  Bandwidth, Familiarity, and Knowledge in the World

C  Strength, Associations, and Endurance

D  Spaced Practice, Mass practice, and Intuition

E  Semantic, Episodic, and Procedural

A  Sensation, Perception, Central Processing

B  X, Y, and Z axis

C  STM, LTM, and working memory

D  Larry, Curly, and Moe

E  Bandwidth, Familiarity, and Knowledge in the World

A  Locks added to cabinets near the sink

B  Use of red coloring added to the soap solution

C  More availability of safety gloves

D  Improved contrast ratio of warning label text

E  Use of a universal container connector

A  Inattentioal blindness is more prevalent with visually impaired users

B  Gorillas can move very fast

C  Cognitive bandwidth is limitless

D  Change blindness occurs only when we are tired

E  Objects can be hidden in plane site due to selective attention

A  Heads-up displays are only offered in fighter jets

B  Touch screen displays have superseded the need for heads-up displays

C  Heads-up displays cannot be used while wearing polarized sunglasses

D  The heads-up display requires looking down towards the instrument cluster

E  When a driver’s eyes are on the road, it doesn’t mean their mind is also on the road

A  Short-term memory and Long-term memory

B  Visuospatial sketchpad and Phonological loop

C  Salience and Effort

D  Id and Ego

E  Expectancy and Value

A  3G 66RK

B  366 GRK

C  366GRK

D  36 6GRK

E  3G66RK

A  7 seconds

B  70 seconds

C  7 hours

D  70 minutes

E  7 days

A  7 +/- 2 chunks

B  +/- 2 chunks

C  7 +/- 2 chipmunks

D  4 chipmunks

E  4 chunks

A  Low quality video feeds causing eye strain

B  Use of headphones instead of ear-buds

C  Mismatch between visual cues and felt motion

D  Use of Dramamine

E  Sound levels that exceed the user’s expectations

A  Gravity

B  Smell

C  Vesting

D  Temperature

E  Haptics

A  Situations involving hands-free operation

B  For tactile response personnel

C  During high visual load

D  Alerts for use in high vibration environments

E  When gloved hands are necessary

A  Gloves can be made of latex, which can result in an allergic reaction

B  Controls can not be designed for use by a gloved hand

C  Gloves have a tendency to inhibit hand-eye-coordination

D  Gloves might reduce a user’s likelihood of using a button

E  Gloves can reduce felt tactile feedback

F  Gloves are always optional

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Avoiding slang vocabulary, Limiting the number of messages, and Designing loudness to be at least 20 decibels over ambient noise

B  Limiting the number of messages, and Designing loudness to be at least 20 decibels over ambient noise only

C  Using rhyming words

D  Avoiding slang vocabulary only

A  When color vision is impaired as opposed to monochromatic vision

B  When there are fast moving objects requiring more saccadic eye movements

C  When omni-directional (360 degree) situational awareness is required since vision is limited to 130 degrees

D  For musically inclined individuals

E  When there are high levels of ambient noise, such as busy road intersections

A  The human vestibular system has been shown to be more accurate than aircraft instruments

B  The human vestibular system is dominant over vision during clear skies

C  The human vestibular system is not tuned for un-natural environments resulting in false sensations

D  The human vestibular system picks up haptic cues from the flight controls

E  The human vestibular system is more accurate than instruments only in white out conditions

A  10 decibels louder, since this level represents double the perceived loudness

B  3 decibels louder, since this level represents double the acoustic energy

C  10 decibels louder, since the sound scale is logarithmic

D  3 decibels louder, since this level represents the JND (just noticeable difference)

E  30 decibels louder, since this level guarantees detection

A  The dB(B) weighting scale, since it approximates human hearing sensitivities

B  The audiogram scale, since it replicates spatial tones

C  The Hz weighting scale, since it measures cycles per second

D  The dB(C) weighting scale, since it approximates human hearing sensitivities

E  The dB(A) weighting scale, since it approximates human hearing sensitivities

A  Low frequencies tend to be lost as we age

B  Presbyopia

C  Both high and low frequency sensitivity increase with age

D  High frequencies tend to be lost as we age

E  Macular degeneration

A  2,000 to 5,000 Hz

B  20 to 20,000 Hz

C  20 kilowatts

D  Sub-sonic frequencies

E  Ultra-sonic frequencies

A  Test taker performance has shown to be better using red ink

B  Test taker performance has shown to be better using green ink

C  Color has no impact on test taker performance

D  There has been no research conducted on the effects of color and test performance

A  Maximize use of ultraviolet light at night

B  Use infrared light to keep surfaces warm

C  Avoid redundant color cues at night

D  Exposure to varying colors of light color has no relationship with circadian rhythms

E  Minimize use of blue light at night

A  1 to 1

B  4.5 to 1

C  7.0 to 1

D  10 to 1

E  0 to 1

F  3.0 to 1

A  0.7 feet

B  0.7 millimeters

C  0.7 inches

D  0.7 degrees

E  Bond rule does not allow you to compute letter height

F  0.7 lux

A  Use more closely spaced stripes as the biker approaches the hazard

B  Use different colors to indicate the presence of a hazard ahead

C  Use Zebra stripes to conceal outlines during motion

D  Use stripes that vary in shape to allow them to be more readily detected

E  Use fiber optics instead of traditional paint to improve saliency

A  Color should never be the only design cue

B  Color is reserved for graphic designers

C  Color is always better than grayscale

D  Color improves the user experience

E  Color is critical for scotopic vision

A  Green light since it is associated with moving forward

B  Red light since it is most visually salient

C  It does not matter since Human Factors does not consider the effects of lighting  

D  Red light since it causes less interference to dark adaptation

E  Green light since it allows for detection for a larger variety of shades

A  10 lux

B  1 lux

C  0.1 lux

D  All lux levels

E  100 lux

F  0.01 lux

A  5

B  30

C  1

D  10

E  3

A  Contains 3 types of rod cells (red/green/blue)

B  Responsible for color vision

C  Operates on very low light levels

D  Responsible for sensing ultrasonic frequencies

E  Responsible for proprioception

A  Visual acuity decreases closer to the fovea

B  Visual acuity increases closer to the fovea

C  Objects appear larger due to top-down bias

D  Visual acuity remains unchanged, only color perception is affected

E  Objects appear smaller due to bottom-up bias

A  There tends to be no difference between vision of younger and older individuals

B  Older individuals need to squint more often due to reduced tear production

C  Older individuals tend to have presbyopia, reducing the ability to focus on objects closer than 1 meter

D  Younger individuals have more practice looking at nearby objects due to technology exposure