Midterm 1

A  lithogenous and hydrogenous

B  biogenous and lithogenous

C  cosmogenous and lithogenous

D  biogenous and hydrogenous

E  biogenous and cosmogenous

F  cosmogenous and hydrogenous

A  dinosaurs

B  microscopic organisms

C  fish and amphibians

D  land based plants

A  hydrogenous

B  lithogenous

C  cosmogenous

D  volcanic

A  relatively few marine organisms live in the waters over the continental margins

B  very little sediment accumulates on continental margins

C  the biogenous component tends to be overwhelmed by the amount of lithogenous material derived from the nearby continent

D  biogenous material dissolves faster than it accumulates

A  productivity

B  destruction

C  dilution

D  ecology

A  silica; calcium carbonate

B  silica; quartz

C  calcium carbonate; volcanic ash

D  basalt; granite

A  the ocean depth above which calcium carbonate is unstable and will form sediments that last

B  the ocean depth below which calcium carbonate is unstable and will quickly dissolve

C  the ocean depth below which calcium carbonate is stable and can form sediments that last

D  the ocean depth above which calcium carbonate is unstable and will quickly dissolve

A  wind-driven dust

B  volcanic particles

C  diatom ooze

D  clays

E  beach sand

A  clay-sized particles

B  cosmogenous sediments

C  large particles

D  hydrogenous sediments

A  composition

B  texture

C  fabric

D  sorting

A  thick layers of sediment

B  hydrothermal vents

C  basalt volcanism

D  a central rift valley

A  volcanic in origin

B  parts of continents that broke off

C  parts of volcanic island arcs

D  formed at hot spots

A  submarine canyons

B  abyssal plains

C  continental slopes

D  continental shelfs

A  sonar waves

B  mapping with satellite

C  depth sounding

D  magnetometer

A  tomography

B  bathymetry

C  cartography

D  navigation

E  hydrology

A  a divergent boundary

B  a transform boundary

C  a hot spot

D  a convergent boundary

A  the mid-ocean ridge

B  subduction zones

C  transform faults

D  submarine canyons

A  asthenosphere; lithosphere

B  lithosphere; mesosphere

C  mantle; crust

D  lithosphere; asthenosphere

A  a human can walk

B  a human can run

C  a human’s fingernail grows

D  a snail crawls

A  at plate boundaries

B  in the middle of the plates

C  at the bottom of the ocean

D  on the continents

A  mass extinction of life-forms

B  subduction

C  a symmetrical pattern of normal and reverse magnetization in ocean crustal rocks

D  sea floor spreading

A  divergent; continental; convergent

B  convergent; oceanic; divergent

C  divergent; oceanic; convergent

D  convergent; continental; divergent

A  theories

B  observations

C  hypotheses

D  guesses

A  theory formation

B  observation

C  hypothesis

D  testing

A  Sahara Desert

B  Amazon Rainforest

C  Pacific Ocean

D  Antarctica

A  Lithosphere

B  Asthensophere

C  Ionosphere

A  Lithosphere

B  Asthensophere

C  Ionosphere

A  Basalth

B  Dolomite

C  Granite

A  Coal

B  Granite

C  Iron

A  Iron and Nickel

B  Basalth

C  Granite

A  Radiometric dating

B  Outgassing

C  Density stratification

A  Outgassing

B  Innergassing

C  Density stratification

A  Radiometric dating

B  Density stratification

C  Outgassing

A  Basalth

B  Calcium carbonate

C  Granite

A  Lithosphere

B  Pangea

C  Asthensophere

A  Neritic (coastal)

B  Pelagic (oceanic)

A  Pelagic (oceanic)

B  Neritic (coastal)

A  Neritic (coastal)

B  Pelagic (oceanic)

A  Pelagic (oceanic)

B  Neritic (coastal)

A  Pelagic (oceanic)

B  Neritic (coastal)

A  Pelagic (oceanic)

B  Neritic (coastal)

A  2.5 billion years ago

B  4 billion years ago

C  200,000 years ago

A  4 billion years ago

B  200,000 years ago

C  4.5 billion years ago

A  200,000 years ago

B  4.5 billion years ago

C  2.5 billion years ago

A  2.5 billion years ago

B  4 billion years ago

C  4.5 billion years ago

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE