Week 4 Step 5 Recall Noba Modules 3 to 4

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Question #1

To study cheating habits, Dr. Martin creates a study that asks participants to take an exam in a room where there is an open textbook on a desk, while being watched and videotaped. Because this study doesn’t mirror everyday life, it would be particularly low in which quality?

A projective ambiguity

B internal consistency

C interscorer reliability

D ecological validity

E standardizability

Question #2

After the terrorist attacks in New York City on September 11, 2001, Cohn, Mehl, and Pennebaker (2004) examined blogs of users of a specific website. Through their use of ______, they determined that their participants expressed more negative emotions and were more cognitively and socially engaged for two weeks. After that period of time, these levels returned to baseline.

A day reconstruction methods

B electronically activated recordings

C linguistic analyses

D ecological momentary assessment

E ambulatory analyses

Question #3

If you wanted to study a person’s online behavior using their posts and contributions to a social networking website like Facebook, what would be the best way to analyze that activity?

A count the number of groups to which they belong

B assess whether they respond to emails within a 24-hour period

C analyze the content of the language used in their posts

D track how many hours a day their account is logged in

E see how many friends they have on such a website

Question #4

In a research study, ______ validity addresses the degree to which that study can lead to unambiguous causal inferences.

A Concordant

B Internal

C External

D Construct

E Predictive

Question #5

Armando is participating in a one-week study examining the relationship between emotional states and eating behavior. Every time he eats something, he has to pull out a digital notebook and record how he is feeling at that exact moment. What kind of research method is being used in this study?

A daily diary method

B ambulatory assessment method

C lived day analysis method

D electronically activated recording method

E experience sampling method

Question #6

There have long been criticisms of the science of psychology regarding the difficulty of measuring internal phenomena such as feelings. This is one reason why ______measures are so important: they are more widely accepted by skeptics.

A social media

B self-report

C animal model

D ambulatory physiological

E placebo

Question #7

Researchers have used several creative methods for studying behaviors and personality characteristics in both direct and unobtrusive methods over the years. Which of the following is not one of those methods?

A hiring professional drivers to follow participants as they travel across the city throughout the day

B collecting and analyzing people’s garbage to determine what they consume instead of relying on what they say they consume

C observing people’s professional spaces, such as their offices to see how personality is detected in everyday environments

D observing people’s personal spaces, such as dormitory rooms to understand personality expression

E using time-lapse photography to study the flow of people and the use of space in urban public places

Question #8

Each night before she goes to bed, Youngha’s smartphone prompts her to log into a specific website and to answer several questions about her thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. She does this every day for one month as part of a research study she has volunteered for. Which method is the researcher employing?

A repeated measures between-groups method

B ecological momentary assessment method

C the daily diary method

D quasi-experimental method

E the digital recall method

Question #9

As a researcher, you decide that you are very interested in peoples’ everyday behavior. Therefore, you decide to use an Electronically Activated Recorder, or EAR device, to capture the acoustic diary of participants’ days as they naturally unfold. In this scenario, you are:

A ensuring internal validity in your study

B collecting data on implicit attitudes

C assessing covert feelings

D studying daily behavior

E conducting an experiment

Question #10

What is traditionally considered to be the “gold standard” in psychology research?

A the case study

B the anonymous survey

C the laboratory experiment

D a naturalistic observation

E the longitudinal study

Question #11

Dr. Zarate wants his department to put together a proposal for a program of research that will earn excellent grant funding from a variety of sources, including the federal government. He knows that the research he is conducting will take many years and cost upwards of several million dollars. Which type of research is Dr. Zarate probably proposing?

A a cross-sectional design

B a longitudinal study

C a quasi-experimental study

D an experimental study

E a correlational design

Question #12

Which of the following would serve as an appropriate operational definition of depression in a research study about mood disorders?

A The extent to which a research participant reports that they “feel” depressed at the start of the study.

B A participant’s total score on a statistically valid depression inventory.

C The total score the participant gets on a depression behavioral rating scale that is completed by her parents.

D The way a participant’s therapist rates his depression on a defined scale of 1 to 100.

E The number of times in an average day a research participant says the word “sad”.

Question #13

Dr. Crondall is studying who’s happier – married or non-married couples. He uses people’s current marital status as an independent variable because he can’t randomly assign people to a married or single group. What kind of research strategy doesn’t employ random assignment?

A a longitudinal study

B a correlational study

C an experiment

D a quasi-experiment

E a survey

Question #14

Based on what you know about dental hygiene and health, which of the following would be the best description of the correlation between variable A (the number of times a day one brushes their teeth) and variable B (the number of cavities one has when they go to the dentist)?

A a strong positive correlation

B a strong negative correlation

C a weak positive correlation

D a weak negative correlation

E zero correlation

Question #15

How does a researcher know which methods she should use to test her hypotheses in psychological research?

A The method that is used should be determined by what the researcher feels is her strongest area of expertise and knowledge.

B The best type of research will always be an experiment, since it is the method with the greatest chance of getting published.

C The source of the financial support for the research will tell the researcher what type of methodology to employ in the study.

D The best method depends on the question being asked as well as the resources that are available to the researcher.

E The research method being used will depend on the number of research participants that have been recruited for the study.

Question #16

Markus is in a study examining the impact of vitamin C on vision. Some participants take 100mg of vitamin C every day while others take a placebo. Markus doesn’t know which group they are in, but they are given eye exams measuring their vision each month. What is the dependent variable?

A The amount of vitamin C a participant takes.

B The number of participants in the study.

C Participant’s vision, in this case, Markus’.

D The day on which the eye exams are administered.

E The fact that a placebo pill is being used.

Question #17

Psychologists often explore questions related to abstract concepts (e.g., satisfaction, happiness, spirituality) when conducting research but those concepts may be hard to quantify. What must be clearly stated at the beginning of the research of such a concept?

A an operational definition of the concept

B a complete strategy of the statistics that will need to be calculated about that concept

C a proposal of who can and cannot participate in the study of that concept

D a list of independent variables related to that concept

E a list of dependent variables related to that concept

Question #18

Lola is complaining that she has terrible abdominal pains. Several physicians have found nothing wrong with her. One physician gives Lola a prescription for tablets with no real medication in them. “I think that this new medication will be very helpful for your abdominal infection,” the physician tells Lola. Within 24 hours of taking the fake medication, Lola reports that her abdominal pains have disappeared. This is called a ______.

A confounding variable

B naturalistic study

C placebo effect

D demand characteristic

E double-blind study

Question #19

Which of the following is an example of an empirical question that could be tested using systematic observation?

A Is technology good or bad for members of a society?

B Which kind of animal makes the best pet?

C Which religion’s belief system is the most moral and ethical?

D Should the laws of a country be changed to legalize the possession and use of drugs?

E How does race impact voting trends in a political election?

Question #20

Anahid is gathering data for her dissertation research, and has decided to use the internet to reach a large number of potential participants with a minimum of cost. She creates a list of questions and puts it on a website, and then sends the link out to many people in the hopes that they will go to her site. This inexpensive and rather efficient research design is called a(n)______.

A quasi-experiment

B longitudinal study

C survey

D experiment

E correlational design

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Week 4 Step 5 Recall Noba Modules 3 to 4

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