Bacteria and Archaea

A  Anthrax

B  Strep throat 

C  Tetanus

D  Botulism

A  Two months

B  Millions of years 

C  One year

D  20 years

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Osmotic pressure

B  All of the choices are correct

C  pH

D  Temperature

A  lipid membrane

B  lipopolysaccharide

C  protein 

D  peptidoglycan

A  protien; lipids

B  peptidoglycan; cell membrane

C  calcium; water 

D  water; calcium

A  peptidoglycan 

B  protein

C  flagellar proteins

D  cell membrane

A  the cyptoplasm of the mother cell

B  the cell wall of the mother cell

C  proteins produced by the mother cell

D  the membrane of the mother cell 

A  haploid cell

B  parent cell

C  father cell

D  mother cell

A  As a normal part of cellular growth

B  When the organism is exposed to sunlight

C  When nutrients are depleted or conditions become adverse 

D  When the organism is placed in a hypertonic solution

A  All of the choices are correct.

B  Temperature of 45°C

C  Complex media

D  pH = 4

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  a bacterial cell with an impervious coating

B  a metabolically active cell 

C  a non-diving bacterial cell

D  a frozen cell

A  They can lead to systemic infections. 

B  None of the choices are correct.

C  They exhibit the same gene expression as nonbiofilm-associated bacteria.

D  They pose no risk to the health of hospital patients.

A  All of the chioces are correct

B  Catheters

C  Teeth

D  Artificial heart valves

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  oxygen gradient

B  pH gradient

C  All of the choices are correct. 

D  nutrient concentration

A  Exopolymer

B  Exotoxin

C  IL-4

D  Lysozyme

A  Flagella

B  Spike proteins

C  Fimbriae and flagella 

D  Fimbriae

A  Moist abiotic surfaces

B  Dry abiotic surfaces

C  Moist abiotic surfaces and biotic surfaces such as plant and animal tissue 

D  Biotic surfaces such as plant and animal tissue

A  on a variety of surfaces including shower curtains, the walls of swimming pools, and teeth 

B  on the walls of swimming pools

C  on shower curtains

D  on teeth

A  maintaining cell shape

B  motility

C  transferring DNA to other cells

D  attachment

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Gram-positive cell walls 

B  Gram-negative cell walls 

C  Lack cell walls 

D  Primitive prokaryotes, unusual cell walls and nutritional habits 

A  Primitive prokaryotes, unusual cell walls and nutritional habits 

B  Lack cell walls 

C  Gram-negative cell walls 

D  Gram-positive cell walls 

A  Gram-negative cell walls 

B  Primitive prokaryotes, unusual cell walls and nutritional habits 

C  Lack cell walls 

D  Gram-positive cell walls 

A  Primitive prokaryotes, unusual cell walls and nutritional habits 

B  Gram-negative cell walls 

C  Gram-positive cell walls 

D  Lack cell walls 

A  pilus; genetic exchange

B  membrane; genetic exchange

C  membrane; nutrient transfer

D  flagellum; motility

A  The bacterium will have longer runs towards the nutrient, but it will still tumble at times 

B  The bacterium will rotate its flagella clockwise most of the time

C  The bacterium will run in a straight direction all the way to the nutrient solution

D  The bacterium will tumble until it reaches the nutrient

A  The position of flagella within the cell wall

B  The direction of flagellar rotation 

C  The number of flagella present on a cell

D  The number of cilia present on a cell

E  Whether a cell is gram-positive or gram-negative

A  Fimbriae

B  Cilia

C  Flagella 

D  Pili

A  Temperature

B  Light

C  Sound

D  Chemicals

A  Pilus

B  Flagellum

C  Capsule 

D  Fimbria

A  Capsule

B  Fimbria

C  Flagellum

D  Pilus 

A  Hollow tubes for material exchange
Allow bacterial cells to avoid phagocytosis
Short appendages

B  Hollow tubes for material exchange
Allow bacterial cells to colonize host tissues
Allow bacterial cells to avoid phagocytosis
Participate in biofilm formation
Short appendages

C  Hollow tubes for material exchange
Allow bacterial cells to colonize host tissues
Allow bacterial cells to avoid phagocytosis

D  Hollow tubes for material exchange
Allow bacterial cells to colonize host tissues
Allow bacterial cells to avoid phagocytosis
Participate in biofilm formation

A  Capsule-protective layer

B  Fimbriae-motility 

C  Flagellum-motility

D  Pilus-attachment

A  It is released by the bacterium, killing any adjacent host cells

B  The presence of the capsule allows a bacterium to evade the immune system and cause damage to the host 

C  It provides motility to bacterial cells, allowing them to spread throughout the host organism

A  Pseudomonas

B  Klebsiella 

A  Clear halos around the cells 

B  Colored layers of threadlike structures surrounding the cell

C  Dark circles surrounding the cell wall

A  Lipids

B  Nucleic acids

C  Proteins

D  Carbohydrates 

A  Most microbes cannot cause disease without other microbes present.

B  Bacteria in biofilms are often protected from antibiotics. 

C  The secreted extracellular “gunk” is highly damaging to tissues.

A  Yellow or green discharge

B  Salivary secretions

C  Dental plaque

D  Ear wax