Navigation » List of Schools » East Los Angeles College » Physiology » Physiology 001 – Introduction to Human Physiology » Summer 2021 » Exam 4 Chapter 13 and 14
Below are the questions for the exam with the choices of answers:
Question #1
A ΔP is increased.
B R is decreased.
C None of these, flow rate is unchanged during an asthma attack.
D ΔP is decreased.
E R is increased.
Question #2
A The permeability of the ascending limb of the loop of Henle is modified by vasopressin.
B Water is actively secreted into the descending loop of Henle.
C Vasopressin inserts pumps in the collecting duct membrane that move water against its concentration gradient.
D Water is actively reabsorbed from the proximal tubule, and Na+ follows down its diffusion gradient.
E Water is filtered out of glomerular capillaries by bulk flow.
Question #3
A Glucose
B Plasma protein
C Sodium
D Urea
E Bicarbonate ion
Question #4
A No change from sea level, as long as we breathe in the same volume of air.
B Alveolar PO2 increases.
C Alveolar PO2 decreases.
Question #5
A Glucose
B Ca2+
C K+
D HPO42-
E H+
Question #6
A Cyanide poisoning is an example of hypoxic hypoxia.
B Exposure to high altitude is a form of hypoxic hypoxia.
C Carbon monoxide poisoning is an example of hypoxic hypoxia.
D Carbon monoxide poisoning is an example of ischemic hypoxia.
E “Anemic hypoxia” refers to the condition of lower than normal arterial PO2.
Question #7
A Decreased [H+], increased PCO2, and decreased [HCO3-]
B Increased [H+], increased PCO2, and increased [HCO3-]
C Increased [H+], increased PCO2, and decreased [HCO3-]
D Decreased [H+], decreased PCO2, and decreased [HCO3-]
E Increased [H+], decreased PCO2, and decreased [HCO3-]
Question #8
A Excretion in the urine of hydrogen bound to phosphate buffers decreases plasma bicarbonate concentration.
B H+ that binds to filtered bicarbonate in the tubular fluid is excreted in the urine.
C The kidneys compensate for a metabolic alkalosis by increasing CO2 production.
D Increased metabolism of glutamine by renal tubular cells increases the plasma bicarbonate concentration.
E When hypoventilation occurs at the lungs, the kidneys compensate by reducing glutamine metabolism.
Question #9
A respiratory acidosis.
B metabolic acidosis.
C respiratory alkalosis.
D metabolic alkalosis.
Question #10
A In the tissues, chloride enters red blood cells in exchange for CO2.
B In the tissues, chloride enters red blood cells in exchange for bicarbonate ions.
C In the lungs, chloride enters red blood cells in exchange for bicarbonate ions.
D In the tissues, chloride exits red blood cells in exchange for carbonic acid.
E In the lungs, chloride enters red blood cells in exchange for CO2.
Question #11
A By decreasing 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 formation, increasing tubular phosphate reabsorption, and increasing tubular Ca2+ reabsorption
B By increasing 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 formation, decreasing tubular phosphate reabsorption, and increasing tubular Ca2+ reabsorption
C By increasing 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 formation, increasing tubular phosphate reabsorption, and increasing tubular Ca2+ reabsorption
D Increasing 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 formation and increasing secretion of parathyroid hormone
E By increasing renal secretion of parathyroid hormone and increasing bone resorption
Question #12
A They would be at risk of alveolar collapse due to too much surface tension in the alveoli.
B None of these would occur.
C They would be more likely to have coughing fits.
D They would be at risk of autoimmune diseases with lung complications.
E They would be at risk of bacterial infections in the lungs.
Question #13
A The proximal tubule
B The glomerular capillaries
C The efferent arteriole
D The ascending limb of the loop of Henle
E The juxtaglomerular apparatus
Question #14
A Inflammation of the bronchioles
B Loss of alveoli
C Environmental chemicals that stimulate β2-adrenergic receptors
D Elevation of intrapleural pressure to equal atmospheric pressure
E Lack of pulmonary surfactant
Question #15
A It alternates between being less than, and greater than, atmospheric pressure.
B It is between +5 and +10 mmHg above atmospheric pressure at functional residual capacity.
C It is always the same as atmospheric pressure during a passive exhale.
D During a passive exhale, it increases to a value above atmospheric pressure.
E It is lower than alveolar pressure.
Question #16
A Lung volume decreases.
B Intrapleural pressure becomes less negative.
C
D The diaphragm relaxes.
E Intrapleural pressure is greater than alveolar pressure.
F Alveolar pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure.
Question #17
A Converted to HCO3-
B Dissolved in the plasma
C Dissolved in the cytosol of erythrocytes
D Bound to hemoglobin
E Bound to myoglobin
Question #18
A The hydrostatic pressure in glomerular capillaries opposes filtration.
B The hydrostatic pressure in Bowman’s space opposes filtration.
C All of the plasma that enters the glomerular capillaries is filtered.
D The osmotic force due to plasma proteins favors filtration.
E The glomerular filtration rate is limited by a transport maximum.
Question #19
A Proximal convoluted tubule
B Collecting duct
C Ascending loop of Henle
D Glomerulus
E Distal convoluted tubule
Question #20
A The proximal tubule
B The collecting ducts
C The ascending limb of the loop of Henle
D The descending limb of the loop of Henle
E The distal convoluted tubule
Question #21
A isosmotic; isosmotic; hypoosmotic; hypoosmotic
B isosmotic; hyperosmotic; hyperosmotic; isosmotic
C isosmotic; isosmotic; hypoosmotic; hyperosmotic
D isosmotic; isosmotic; hyperosmotic; hypoosmotic
E isosmotic; isosmotic; hyperosmotic; isosmotic
Question #22
A decrease; increased; renin; decreased; Na+
B decrease; decreased; vasopressin; increased; water
C decrease; increased; vasopressin; increased; water
D increase; decreased; vasopressin; decreased; water
E increase; increased; renin; increased; Na+
Question #23
A Cortical peritubular capillaries
B Collecting ducts
C Efferent arterioles
D Afferent arterioles
E Vasa recta
Question #24
A Systemic and pulmonary blood vessels
B Liver
C Kidneys
D The atria of the heart
E Adrenal glands
Question #25
A Emphysema
B Asthma
C Respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn
D Prolonged shallow breathing
E Cystic fibrosis
Question #26
A No change to reabsorption at this site
B Reduced reabsorption of water, although as much reabsorption of Na+ as is typical
C Reduced reabsorption of all materials in the proximal tubules
D Reduced reabsorption of water, Na+, and glucose in the proximal tubules
E Reduced reabsorption of both water and Na+ in equal proportions
Question #27
A Decreased DPG levels in erythrocytes
B Increased temperature of the blood
C Increased pH of the blood
D The presence of carbon monoxide
E Decreased concentration of H+ in the blood
Question #28
A The plasma concentration of glucose becomes so high that it diffuses from peritubular capillaries into the proximal tubule, down its concentration gradient.
B Without the hormone insulin, glucose cannot enter proximal tubule epithelial cells.
C The rate of tubular secretion of glucose becomes greater than the sum of glucose filtration and reabsorption.
D Without insulin, the glomerular filtration barrier becomes extremely leaky to glucose, which is not normally filterable.
E The filtered load of glucose becomes greater than the tubular maximum for its reabsorption.
Question #29
A Secretion of angiotensinogen by the liver
B Secretion of angiotensin II by the kidney
C Conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin I in the blood
D Secretion of ACTH by the anterior pituitary
E Conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II in the blood
Question #30
A Phagocytizing bacteria and other foreign particles
B Lining the pleural space
C Make up the majority of the epithelial wall of the alveoli
D Production of surfactant
E Secretion of mucus
Question #31
A Respiratory acidosis
B Metabolic alkalosis
C Increased blood PCO2
D Metabolic acidosis
E Respiratory alkalosis
Question #32
A The hemoglobin molecules will have a higher affinity for oxygen as they pass by the gastrocnemius compared to the biceps brachii.
B The hemoglobin molecules will have a higher affinity for oxygen as they pass by the biceps brachii compared to the gastrocnemius.
C The hemoglobin molecules may denature as they pass by the gastrocnemius.
D The hemoglobin molecules will have the same affinity for oxygen at both locations.
Question #33
A As carbonic anhydrase
B As H2CO3
C As dissolved HCO3-
D Bound to hemoglobin
E As dissolved CO2
Question #34
A A drug that decreases liver production of angiotensinogen
B A drug that enhances the activity of angiotensin-converting enzyme
C A drug that decreases sympathetic stimulation of renal arterioles
D A drug that is an agonist of atrial natriuretic factor
E A drug that interferes with aldosterone synthesis
Question #35
A A collapsed lung
B Inhalation/inspiration
C Emphysema
D Exhalation/expiration
E Pneumothorax
Question #36
A It promotes the excretion of more water in the urine.
B It is a peptide hormone released from the adrenal gland.
C It stimulates the excretion of K+ in the urine.
D It triggers insertion of aquaporins into the apical membranes of collecting duct cells.
E Its main function is to trigger the secretion of aldosterone.
Question #37
A Cortical collecting duct
B Macula densa
C Descending limb of the loop of Henle
D Proximal tubule
E Distal convoluted tubule
Question #38
A Aldosterone increases Na+ secretion and K+ reabsorption in the proximal tubule.
B Aldosterone decreases Na+ reabsorption and K+ secretion in the cortical collecting ducts.
C Aldosterone increases Na+ secretion and K+ reabsorption in the cortical collecting ducts.
D Aldosterone increases Na+ reabsorption and K+ secretion in the proximal tubule.
E Aldosterone increases Na+ reabsorption and K+ secretion in the cortical collecting ducts.
Question #39
A As PO2 increases, the saturation of hemoglobin with oxygen increases linearly.
B More additional oxygen binds to hemoglobin when going from a PO2 of 60 to 100 mmHg, than is added when going from a PO2 of 40 to 60 mmHg.
C The greater the PO2 of the blood, the greater the dissociation of O2 from hemoglobin.
D At normal resting systemic arterial PO2, hemoglobin is almost 100% saturated with oxygen.
E At normal resting systemic venous PO2, only about 75% of the hemoglobin is in the form of deoxyhemoglobin.
Question #40
A afferent arterioles; glomerular capillaries
B renal vein; peritubular capillaries
C efferent arterioles; proximal convoluted tubules
D efferent arterioles; Bowman’s capsule
E efferent arterioles; glomerular capillaries
Question #41
A Water
B Glucose
C Na+
D K+
E HPO42-
Question #42
A A β2-adrenergic agonist
B A β2-adrenergic antagonist
C Histamine
D A muscarinic agonist
E Pulmonary surfactant
Question #43
A reabsorbed; filtered; secreted
B reabsorbed; secreted; filtered
C filtered; reabsorbed; secreted
D secreted; reabsorbed; filtered
E filtered; secreted; reabsorbed
Question #44
A It transports urea from the medullary interstitial fluid into the collecting duct, which directly increases the osmolarity of the urine.
B By concentrating NaCl in the renal medullary interstitial fluid, it allows water to be reabsorbed from the collecting ducts when vasopressin is present.
C It transports NaCl from the medullary interstitial fluid into the collecting duct, which directly increases the osmolarity of the urine.
D When anti-diuretic hormone is present, it stimulates the pumping of NaCl from the medullary interstitial fluid and water follows, concentrating the urine.
E By pumping NaCl and urea into the ascending limb of the loop of Henle, it raises the solute load, which turns into a concentrated urine once water is extracted from the collecting duct.
Question #45
A The distal convoluted tubule
B The loop of Henle
C The glomerulus
D The collecting duct
E The proximal convoluted tubule
Question #46
A the increase in plasma H+.
B the decrease in O2 available to the cells of the body.
C the autorhymthic cells in your diaphragm contracting.
D the increase in pH has made your blood dangerously alkaline.
Question #47
A The PO2 of the arterial blood, which is monitored by peripheral chemoreceptors
B The H+ concentration in the brain extracellular fluid, which is monitored by central chemoreceptors
C The H+ concentration in the arterial blood, which is monitored by central chemoreceptors
D The PO2 of the arterial blood, which is monitored by central chemoreceptors
E Stretch receptors in the lung
Question #48
A H2O and CO2
B CO2 and O2
C H2O and O2
D H+ and HCO3-
E H2O and CO
Question #49
A Reabsorption of Na+ from the proximal tubule occurs as a result of water reabsorption.
B Reabsorption of Na+ only occurs from nephron regions that come after the descending limb of the loop of Henle.
C Reabsorption of glucose saturates at a maximum transport rate.
D Urea reabsorption cannot occur at any point along the nephron.
E Toxic substances are removed from the body by reabsorption from peritubular capillaries into the proximal tubule.
Question #50
A Na+ is actively transported in all segments of the tubule.
B Primary active transport of Na+ allows for secondary active transport of glucose and H+ in the proximal tubule.
C Most of the Na+ transport occurs in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting ducts.
D Na+ is actively transported across the luminal membrane of proximal tubule cells in exchange for K+, by Na+/K+ ATPase pumps.
E Na+ is actively secreted into the nephron lumen by cells in the cortical collecting ducts.