Module 7 Quiz

A  Growth hormone

B  1,25(OH2) Vitamin D3

C  Erythropoietin

D  Antidiuretic hormone

A  Urine creatinine level

B  Random urine output volume

C  Serum creatinine level

D  Glomerular filtration rate (GFR)

A  bladder.

B  glomerulus.

C  nephron.

D  lobule.

A  Decreased iron absorption

B  Bone loss from decreased 1,25(OH2) vitamin D3 synthesis

C  Decreased erythropoietin synthesis

D  Folate deficiency

A  adrenal gland; kidney

B  kidney; adrenal gland

C  kidney; brain

D  adrenal gland; brain

A  Serum creatinine, serum urea, serum uric acid, and creatinine clearance

B  Serum sodium and potassium, and arterial blood pH

C  Serum and urine protein

D  Serum renin and erythropoietin

A  the N-terminal fragment of proBNP.

B  the C-terminal portion of the prepro-hormone natriuretic peptide (BNP).

C  degraded by circulating proteases to form the final form of BNP.

D  an isoenzyme that migrates separately from BNP on an electrophoresis.

A  nephelometry.

B  immunoassay.

C  serum electrophoresis.

D  HPLC.

A  Troponin

B  Total CK

C  Myoglobin

D  CK-2 (CKMB)

A  hs-CRP

B  Troponins

C  CK-2 (CK-MB)

D  Myoglobin

A  congestive heart failure.

B  angina.

C  thrombolysis.

D  acute myocardial infarction.

A  Cardiac troponin T

B  Cardiac troponin C

C  Cardiac troponin I

D  Ternary complex of T-I-C

A  Damage to the endothelium of cardiac blood vessels

B  Cellular involvement and clot formation

C  Increased concentration of circulating coagulation factors

D  Release of tissue factor leading to coagulability

A  this indicates increased attachment of glucose to proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids that contribute to the microvascular complications of diabetes.

B  UAE increase indicates increased glycation of serum albumin that forms fructosamine and leads to ketoacidosis.

C  it assesses the long-term blood glucose concentration in a diabetic to monitor glucose control over an 8- to 12-week period.

D  increased UAE is highly predictive of and is thought to precede diabetic nephropathy and end-stage renal disease.

A  increased urinary albumin excretion between the range of 20–200 µg/min that is measured by the laboratory in the chronic management of diabetes mellitus.

B  an albumin molecule that is larger and less functional because of the effects of hyperglycemia that is measured by the laboratory in the clinical diagnosis of diabetes.

C  a long-lived glycated albumin molecule found in the urine of a type 2 diabetic and measured by the laboratory in the acute management of a diabetic.

D  a large albumin molecule that is present only in urine and that is measured by the lab in preclinical screening for diabetes.

A  absolute deficiency of insulin.

B  insulin resistance.

C  autoimmune reaction.

D  genetic factors.

A  is also referred to as gestational diabetes.

B  is associated with resistance to the action of insulin.

C  occurs less frequently than type 1 diabetes.

D  is often initially observed in an individual with ketoacidosis.

A  hyperinsulinemia.

B  hyperlipidemia.

C  hyperglycemia.

D  decreased blood pH with increased ketone bodies.

A  The value must be ≥500 mg/dL glucose.

B  The value must remain within healthy glucose reference interval.

C  The value must be ≥140 mg/dL glucose.

D  The value must be ≥200 mg/dL glucose.

A  Consistent hyperglycemia after a 72-hour fast

B  Presence of ketones in urine on more than one occasion

C  Demonstration of elevated hemoglobin A1c

D  Demonstration of impaired glucose tolerance in the OGTT