Exam 2 Chapters 7 – 11

A  Had a positive effect in corrections

B  Lost their jobs

C  Resigned before losing their positions

D  Provided inaccurate information, to the detriment of the organization

A  The media construction of crime will identify what policies of crime control should be adopted

B  The media construction of crime will define what acts are regarded as criminal

C  The media construction of crime will define what are thought to be the causes of crime

D  The media construction of crime will reduce the seriousness of the crime

A  Additional treatment and re-entry programs

B  A decrease in treatment programs

C  Increase in recidivism

D  The imposition of additional behavioral controls

A  When a journalist relies on an unsubstantiated argument without noting its weaknesses to produce a desired conclusion

B  When a journalist makes an attempt in hard news to persuade using emotional rhetoric rather than fact

C  Any intentional and successful influence of a person by noncoercively altering the actual choices available to the person or by non-persuasively altering the perceptions by others of those choices.

D  Using persuasive interviewing techniques to influence others to disclose material they would normally not disclose

A  Accepting gratuities to protect illicit activity

B  Soliciting a fee from an inmate for finding him a job

C  Theft of new televisions from the prison loading dock

D  Extortion through mistreatment or harassment

A  Assist inmates in getting rehabilitated

B  Do not rat (inform on other guards)

C  Always support fellow officers against inmate claims/allegations

D  Do not lug (smuggle) drugs in to inmates

A  A humane correctional system is impossible given the dominant theory and practice of retribution

B  Guards are increasingly using more excessive force

C  Officer training emphasizes emotional detachment and degrading treatment

D  Prisons have cultures where guards are corrupted and prisoners are denied their humanity

A  Crimes against children are considered more newsworthy than crimes against the adults

B  Homicides are considered more newsworthy when the victim is white

C  Victims who are perpetrated against by a stranger are considered more newsworthy than a victim who knows the perpetrator

D  Rape is the most likely crime to be reported

A  Assassination is an immoral act and a form of politically motivated murder outside the bounds of the conventions of war and morality.

B  Targeted killing calls into question the morality of U.S. foreign policy, which stresses human rights and democracy.

C  Assassination violates U.S. values and principles because it is done in secret and is a display of the exercise of overbearing state power against individuals.

D  All of the other answers

A  It enables the executive branch of government to exercise wide powers under the authority of the president as commander-in-chief

B  All of the other answers

C  It permits the employment of warlike measures concurrently with law enforcement measures

D  It gives the executive the leverage to demand almost any resources in the furtherance of winning the war

A  Australia

B  United States

C  United Kingdom

D  Canada

A  Retributive

B  Callous

C  Empathetic

D  Sympathetic

A  An irrational and exaggerated response by the public to a perceived problem

B  When a small group of legislators panic and force through unethical legislation

C  A public over-reaction caused by outdated public morals

D  When an individual legislator or policy maker over-reacts to a problem

A  The prosecution process

B  A life sentence

C  A criminal conviction

D  The court

A  Legalistic

B  Rewards

C  Compliance

D  Personal

A  Do no harm

B  Moral blame

C  Reasonable standard of care

D  Morality

A  Whites comprise almost 1/3 of illegal drug users and blacks almost 2/3, a fact often reported in the media

B  Whites never have been engaged in drugs as much as blacks, a fact often reported in the media

C  Whites comprise almost 3/4 of illegal drug users and blacks 13%, a fact not usually incorporated in media accounts

D  The War on Drugs focused on heroin, a drug often used by blacks, a fact not usually in the media

A  Torture during interrogation

B  Invading foreign countries

C  Accidental killing of civilian non-terrorists

D  Restricting rights during criminal processing of terrorist defendants

A  Prioritization of the prevention of rape in each prison system

B  Setting a zero-tolerance standard for prison rape

C  Devising and implementation of national standards to detect, prevent, reduce, and punish rape

D  Prisons who want to receive federal funding must eliminate prison rape by 85%

A  Supermax

B  Minimum security

C  Medium security

D  Maximum security

A  Reporting, on the visual media, pictures of victims

B  Focusing only on the very young and the very old victims

C  Reporting sympathetic stories of victims who have also been charged with crimes

D  Focusing attention only on victims who meet that standard of victimhood

A  Few accused actually go to trial and unexciting plea bargains are the norm

B  Crime fighting is the complex part of the process

C  The legal system makes it easier to fight crime because prosecutors know how to talk with the media

D  The legal system is far more complex

A  Coercion

B  Empathy

C  Sympathy

D  Violence

A  Kidnappings

B  Homicides

C  Sex offenses

D  Drug crimes

A  Negative racial stereotypes and collective racial resentment are negatively correlated with policies favoring punitiveness

B  Racial and ethnic minorities are responsible for a substantial amount of property and drug crime therefore creating policies favoring punitiveness

C  Racial and ethnic minorities are responsible for a substantial amount of violent crime therefore creating policies favoring punitiveness

D  Negative racial stereotypes and collective racial resentment are positively correlated with polices favoring punitiveness

A  It is not a realistic scenario

B  It is a slippery slope, which could expand its use in other circumstances

C  It is not likely to happen as its proponents claim

D  It negates the autonomy and dignity of the individual

A  The activities are only morally impermissible if they produce two effects, both of which are morally impermissible

B  An unintended but unforeseen morally bad effect of an action can be excused if both the action and the intended effect are morally impermissible

C  An unintended but unforeseen morally bad effect of an action can be excused if both the action and the intended effect are morally permissible

D  The activities are morally permissible if they produce two effects, so long as one is morally permissible.

A  Treatment

B  Rehabilitation

C  Community-oriented corrections

D  Punitiveness

A  Sex offenders

B  Drug offenders

C  Prostitutes

D  Murderers

A  There is widespread approval of them

B  While they approve of it, they do not believe it should be applied indiscriminately to specific offenders under specific circumstances

C  The public is evenly divided on them

D  There is widespread approval of them

A  Formal control

B  Social control

C  Governmental control

D  Informal control

A  Political grounds

B  Due process grounds

C  Ideological grounds

D  Cost-benefit grounds

A  Relativists

B  Deontologists

C  Consequentialists

D  Absolutists

A  Assistance to law enforcement to make an arrest

B  Advocacy for greater levels of social control

C  A key profit maker for the media

D  A warning to the public

A  Their treatment function

B  Their heavy caseloads

C  Their treatment and control functions

D  Their control function

A  Against a state in the United States.

B  Committed by government, sometimes against its own people.

C  By the military against a civilian government.

D  By one part of government against another part of the same government.

A  Result in disproportionately severe sentences

B  Are not applied to all offenders convicted under such statutes

C  Do not reflect the will of the majority

D  Have no incapacitate effect

A  The primary source of news

B  A site for the construction of a moral order

C  A responsible path for discussion of moral issues

D  A monopoly so that news is consistent

A  Treatment programs to reduce jail and prison populations

B  Work release programs to reduce jail and prison populations

C  Three-strikes laws

D  Sentencing guidelines

A  Using the media to report fictitious events so law enforcement can catch the real criminal

B  The marketing of edited, highly formatted information about the world in entertainment media vehicles

C  The placement of crime stories on television late at night hoping a viewer will be able identify the offender

D  Using entertainment to reenact criminal events

A  United States v. Shallet

B  Graham v. Florida

C  Kenny v. Indiana Youth Center

D  Reynolds v. Florida

A  Treat inmates ethically

B  Gain respect of inmates

C  Maintain power

D  Retain their discretion

A  Begun directly disobeying orders from superiors.

B  Become members of prison gangs.

C  Refrained from enforcing certain prison rules and regulations.

D  Begun taking monetary bribes from prisoners.

A  Vice

B  Debtors

C  Property

D  Violent

A  Enemy paradigm

B  Terrorism paradigm

C  Drone paradigm

D  War paradigm

A  Prosecutorial

B  Judicial

C  Celebrity

D  Inmate

A  Accepting the unavoidable consequences of our policies

B  Not worrying about the consequences

C  Asking whether our policies will render citizens more secure in the long term

D  Asking whether there will be any consequences to our anti-terrorism policies