Week 10 Step 4 Recall Noba Module 10 to 11

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Question #1

______refers to the early emerging differences in emotional reactions and self-control that are seen in children; even early in infancy.

A Attachment

B Goodness of fit

C Socialization

D Temperament

E Personality

Question #2

Gabriel likes to read and look at websites about the solar system. His father encourages him to go play sports, hoping that Gabriel will come to enjoy these activities. Which of the following best describe this scenario?

A Gabriel’s father will have a large impact on his long-term interests and abilities.

B Gabriel will ultimately convince his father to take up reading and science.

C Gabriel’s temperament and his father’s parenting practices are a poor goodness-of-fit.

D Gabriel will likely have a problematic relationship with his father later in life.

E Gabriel is going to parent his own children in the same manner.

Question #3

The cognitive, emotional, and social influences that cause children to create and act consistently with internal standards of conduct – right and wrong– is called ______.

A conformity

B temperament

C judgement

D compliance

E conscience

Question #4

The ______model describes how financial difficulties are associated with parents’ depressed moods, which can cause problems with their children’s adjustment.

A neo-associationist

B family stress

C attachment deficit

D diathesis stress

E nature versus nurture

Question #5

Adah and her mom are playing on the swing set at the park. A man walks up to them. When Adah sees her mother smile and speak warmly to the man, Adah relaxes. Adah has used ______to evaluate this individual.

A social referencing

B cultural relativity

C stranger danger

D ambiguity contexting

E operant conditioning

Question #6

Which of the following children is demonstrating a developing theory of mind?

A Kendrick is angry that his ball fell out of his crib and he begins to cry about it.

B Talib remembers his favorite blanket even though he cannot see it.

C Nahshid just got a hit in his little league baseball game – his very first hit – and he is proud of himself.

D Pharrell is trying to figure out what his baby sister, Lilah, wants and why she is crying.

E Yasiin does not want to go to sleep and he argues that his older sister does not yet have to sleep.

Question #7

13-year old Sevan’s parents are going through a divorce. They are not openly hostile to each other and are trying to handle this life change in a civil and pleasant manner. According to the research, which of the following is most likely for Sevan?

A She will not have long-term problems with her adjustment

B Because she is a girl, Sevan is likely to have a better relationship with her father than her mother

C Because she is a girl, Sevan is likely to have a better relationship with her mother than her father

D She is going to experience both short- and long-term adjustment problems

E Sevan can expect to have long-term relationship problems with men

Question #8

If people, on average, are more likely to remember female rather than male nurses this would be because:

A gender prejudices

B females conform to common gender schemas of nurses

C the nursing bias

D there are no male nurses

E the fundamental attribution error

Question #9

Which laboratory procedure, designed to assess attachment styles in children, involves exposing a child to separation from their caregiver followed by a reunification?

A the Asch judgement analogue

B the Bobo Doll experiment

C the Milgram paradigm

D the Strange Situation

E the Visual Cliff

Question #10

In order to understand social and personality development in children, it is necessary to examine them from three different perspectives. They are the child’s:

A genetics, emotions, behavior.

B psychoanalytic, humanistic and behavioral paradigms.

C social context, biological maturation, and developing sense of self.

D the id, ego and super ego.

E behavior when alone, at school, and with family members.

Question #11

Owen is writing a paper about how the attitudes, values, and beliefs of culture influence development in children. What would be the best title for his essay?

A “The information-processing approach to development”

B “Examining Kohlberg’s theory of cultural relativity”

C “The psychosexual stages according to Sigmund Freud”

D “Piagetian stages of development, from birth through adulthood”

E “Child development according to Lev Vygotsky”

Question #12

Davina has made great strides in her understanding of her science classes. Being able to reason more like an adult, Davina is in which of Piaget’s developmental stages?

A preconventional reasoning

B the DABDA stage

C the latency stage

D the trust vs. mistrust stage

E formal operational reasoning

Question #13

Armand is a child who has difficulties with his ______. His vision is impaired in such a way that he cannot tell how far away objects are. This has led to difficulties in certain sports.

A gestalt perception

B depth perception

C olfactory plasticity

D auditory localization

E trichromacy

Question #14

If you were taking part in a debate with another psychologist over the relative influences of nature and nurture on development, which position do you think you’d be most likely to take if you wanted to win the debate?

A Nature and nurture interact to determine virtually every aspect of development.

B Because it is impossible to determine the different levels of influence of nature and nurture, the debate was abandoned in psychology decades ago.

C Genes can, in every case, be muted or enhanced by the influences of one’s environment. Therefore nurture is most important.

D Research has consistently shown that we are ultimately determined by our genes, irrespective of influence of one’s surroundings.

E Both nature and nurture take a back seat to the influence of technology in today’s world, so that is really the influence we should examine.

Question #15

During which stage of Piaget’s model of cognitive development are children believed to begin to become more capable of symbolic thinking?

A the postformal operational reasoning stage

B the concrete operational reasoning stage

C the sensorimotor stage

D the formal operational reasoning stage

E the preoperational reasoning stage

Question #16

With regard to the validity of Piaget’s theory of cognitive development, which criticism would be the most accurate?

A Piaget’s comparison of the human mind to a computer was not supported by research.

B Children’s cognitive development seems to be more continuous than Piaget proposed.

C Children do not master new cognitive skills nearly as early (young) as Piaget proposed.

D Piaget gave too much importance to cultural influences on cognitive development.

E Piaget’s research was only appropriate for the cognitive development of girls.

Question #17

Nature refers to biological endowment, including the genes a person receives from his or her parents, while ______refers to the environmental influences that impact a person’s development.

A nurture

B genotype

C maturation

D growth

E phenotype

Question #18

The awareness of the component sounds that are used to make up a word–such as knowing that the word “rain” is made up of the r, ay, and nn sounds–is called ______.

A phonemic awareness

B whole-word processing

C linguistic centration

D bilingualism

E the linguistic relativity effect

Question #19

Amalia knows how to climb stairs but only when there are no other people around. Therefore, her physical therapist, Brittany, is teaching her to climb stairs in a crowded stairwell. First, Brittany works with Amalia to climb the stairs independently with visual distractions in the stairwell. Once she’s mastered that, Amalia works on climbing the stairs independently with one other person in the stairwell. Finally, Amalia practices climbing the stairs with many other people in the stairwell. Brittany is using which strategy to help Amalia reach her stair-climbing goal?

A zone of proximal development

B sociocultural practice

C scaffolding

D social knowledge construction

Question #20

According to the research of Langlois and colleagues (1995) and van den Boom & Hoeksma (1994), infants who are ______tend to get more affectionate care from their parents. This has been found to contribute to their later cognitive development.

A smaller in size

B easygoing and attractive

C the result of an unintentional pregnancy

D born premature or ‘very premature’

E female

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Week 10 Step 4 Recall Noba Module 10 to 11

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