Exam 2

A  all-female; multimale, one female; solitary

B  one-male, multifemale; all-male; solitary

C  one-male, multifemale; multimale, multifemale; solitary

D  one-female, multimale; one-male, multifemale; one-male, one-female

A  competition between males for access to reproductive-age females

B  risk-taking behavior

C  violence against competitors for female access

D  care of young

A  bonding between two members of a social group, calming or appeasing the primate being groomed if he or she has a higher dominance.

B  the development of males only

C  the development of alliances between females only

D  bonding between individuals of the same rank only and directed only toward hygiene

A  colobus monkey

B  chimpanzee

C  gorilla

D  loris

A  bipedality in humans

B  quadrupedal locomotion include the use of a tail

C  using the forelimbs to move from tree limb to tree limb

D  clinging and leaping locomotion in an arboreal environment

A  on average they are larger bodied than nonprimates

B  the areas of the brain associated with smell and hearing are expanded in primates

C  they have higher intelligence and larger brains relative to other animals

D  they take longer to develop to sexual maturity

A  diastema

B  bilophodont

C  two-ridge tooth

D  tooth/dental comb

A  are made strictly of muscle

B  are found in all primates with tails

C  present only in some platyrrhines

D  present in catarrhine primates

A  African and Asian apes

B  lemurs and lorises

C  tarsiers, lemurs and monkeys

D  monkeys, apes and humans

A  their tendency toward nocturnal behavior

B  the fact that their eyes are rotated forward

C  their color vision

D  all of the above

A  give birth to fewer offspring  than do many other mammals

B  give birth to twins regularly

C  give birth to more offspring than do many other mammals

D  invest less in their offspring than do many other mammals

A  increased reliance of sense of smell

B  opposable thumbs

C  large body build

D  short digits

A  a species of pongid, which frequently exhibits a moist fleshy pad at the end of the nose

B  a species of strepsirhini that retain a rhinarium found only in prosimian primates

C  a species of platyrrhine primate, because their nostrils do not point downward

D  a species of hylobatid from Asia

A  lemurs

B  baboons

C  tamarins

D  gibbons

A  strepsirhini and haplorhini

B  pongidae and hominidae

C  tarsiers and anthropoids

D  platyrrhine and catarrhine

A  South America

B  Australia

C  Europe

D  Africa

A  severe air pollution

B  high UV exposure

C  a lack of melanin

D  a lack of vitamin D

A  rickets

B  skin cancer

C  hypothermia

D  hypoxia

A  have lower BMR

B  reduce peripheral body temperatures to maintain core temperatures

C  consume more carbohydrates

D  short limbs and large bodies

A  smaller bodies in cold environments and larger bodies in hot environments

B  taller bodies in cold environments and shorter bodies in hot environments

C  long limbs in hot environments and shorter limbs in cold environments

D  larger lungs in hot environments and smaller lungs in cold environments

A  the association between body shape, morpology and the environment is not a result of natural selection

B  body shape and morphology do not reflect both evolutionary and developmental processes

C  the long-term association between body shape and climate is an example of acclimatization

D  the association between body shape and morphology does respond to environmental stressors

A  acclimatization at the individual level

B  developmental adaptations that occur at the level of the individual during critical life stages

C  environmental adaptations that occur at the individual level

D  inheritance of increases in lung volume by high-altitude populations

A  osteoporosis

B  Wolff’s Law

C  adult stage

D  senescence

A  lack of exercise

B  heavy exercise like running and swimming

C  drugs, alcohol and smoking

D  a vegetarian diet of greens, fruits and dairy products

A  help with biological profiling

B  are race specific

C  do not lead to clear-cut racial classifications

D  do not exist in humans

A  through research that examined genetic diversity across different species of animals

B  research indicating that most genetic variation is found across human populations

C  through the examination of variation in multiple human skull characteristics

D  research indicating that most genetic variation is found within human populations

A  no conclusive evidence regarding how farming began in Europe

B  support for Childe’s demic diffusion model

C  agriculture was brought to Europe by Middle Eastern farmers

D  minimal interbreeding between Middle Eastern and European hunter-gatherers and farming developing from their descendants in Europe

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  represented by chromosomal trisomy XXY

B  affects only males

C  reduces fertility and increases breast development in affected individuals

D  chromosomal mutation linked to an XX genotype

A  the condition affects billions of people today

B  associated with the inability to break down and process lactose in foods

C  associated with an increase in production of lactase over time

D  the identified gene associated with lactase production is found on chromosome 2 and appears to be selected for vs. against

A  all of these

B  a small and relatively isolated population

C  founder effect

D  genetic drift

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  increasing global temperatures

B  increasing UVb radiation

C  the continued presence of malaria

D  emigration of West African peoples 

A  AAS

B  AS

C  AA

D  SS

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Inheritance of population over generations

B  No gene flow, no mutation, no genetic drift