Midterm 1

A  ascertain the author’s bias and purpose

B  assume if it has been written and published that it is true

C  determine the author’s background

D  evaluate the author’s sources

A  direct quotes requires a citation

B  well known facts and quotes do not need citation

C  statistics, surveys, obscure facts, and unique descriptions or examples need a citation

D  a paraphrase of another’s work does not need a citation

A  government documents

B  human sources

C  encyclopedias

D  dictionaries

A  show your work to someone else for their honest opinion

B  hand it in only once it is perfect

C  edit your work for grammatical mistakes

D  consider what you have not written, i.e. what you have left out of your paper

A  know your audience

B  write a sentence that expresses your claim

C  know yourself

D  choose and broaden your topic

A  determine if it is possible to refute or weaken arguments with countervailing evidence

B  determine if it is possible to refute statements by citing counterexamples

C  determine if it is possible to attack the motives of the opposition

D  determine if it is possible to refute a weak claim by reducing it to absurdity

A  it agrees with my views

B  it is well written or well spoken

C  it is a persuasive argument

D  it is logically correct, i.e. either deductively sound or inductively cogent

A  take what is unclear and make it clear

B  try to use as many words as the original argument

C  be accurate and don’t misrepresent

D  be charitable

A  number the steps of the argument

B  write in complete sentences

C  fill in missing premises or conclusions

D  put the conclusion first

A  in appropriate appeal to authority

B  loaded question

C  false alternatives

D  appeal to ignorance

A  slippery slope

B  inconsistency

C  weak analogy

D  hasty generalization

A  bandwagon argument

B  scare tactics

C  straw man

D  red herring

A  two wrongs make a right

B  attacking the motive

C  a personal attack (ad hominem)

D  look who’s talking (tu quoque)

A  since

B  therefore

C  given that

D  for

A  thus

B  if follows that

C  consequently

D  because

A  a report

B  a conditional statement

C  an illustration

D  one or more premises which are intended to prove or support a conclusion

A  Gandhi

B  Mandala

C  Mohammed Yunus

D  Anita Roddick

A  Muhammed Yunus

B  Mandela

C  Gandhi

D  Anita Roddick

A  explicitness

B  patience

C  attention

D  none of these

A  patience

B  attention

C  none of these

D  explicitness

A  patience

B  attention

C  none of these

D  explicitness

A  ethics and money

B  ethics and sex

C  ethics and what we eat

D  ethics and work

A  ethics and sex

B  ethics and what we eat

C  ethics and money

D  ethics and work

A  Weston uses Heinz’s dilemma as an example

B  Weston uses Sartre’s young friend as an example

C  Weston maintains that dilemmas are indeed unsolvable

D  Weston suggests we assume problems, even “dilemmas,” are solvable

A  each side’s “solution” is unacceptable to the other side

B  thought to be impossible to solve

C  a problem with two sharply opposed options

D  a problem with two sharply opposed options, each side’s “solution” is unacceptable to the other side, and thought to be impossible to solve

A  view problems as a growth opportunity to be welcomed

B  none of these

C  revisit outlying parts of the problem

D  ask if the problem can be prevented

A  abortion and animal research in Japan

B  carefully administered hallucinogenic drugs

C  seven generation decision making of the American Indians

D  homelessness in other cultures

A  random word method

B  full steam ahead method

C  reversal

D  exaggeration

A  it seeks to limit the possibilities

B  it is essential for practical problem solving

C  it seeks to reframe the problem

D  it helps solve ethical problems by going beyond the norm

A  it occurs at the end of his speech in the lasts only five minutes

B  it is an excellent example of proclaiming a moral vision

C  it is an excellent example of proclaiming a moral vision, it was an improvisation and not planned in his original speech, and it occurs at the end of his speech in the lasts only five minutes

D  it was an improvisation and not planned in his original speech

A  it “pushes” us towards a moral minimum by nagging us to do something

B  it looks forward to a future and more complete resolution

C  it finds a way of enthusiastically going forward together

D  it is a positive and appealing longer term alternative

A  finding the best balance between values at stake

B  trying to take into account the values on all sides

C  picking the side you personally like the best

D  finding ways the underlying values and interests of both sides can be co-achieved

A  utilitarianism argues in favor of assisted suicide

B  virtue theory argues against assisted suicide, utilitarianism argues in favor of assisted suicide, and Kant (Ethics of the person) argues against assisted suicide

C  virtue theory argues against assisted suicide

D  Kant (Ethics of the person) argues against assisted suicide

A  all pro-life advocates oppose abortion in all cases, even rape, incest, and when the life of the mother is at risk

B  all of us are both pro-life and pro-choice in a general sense

C  both pro-life and pro-choice share many essential values, although they may prioritize these values differently

D  many pro-choice advocates are conflicted about abortion and although they would not choose it for themselves think it is a necessary option for others

A  the media tends to minimize “either/or” thinking

B  it presents polarizing and irresolvable positions

C  it is an adversarial “winner take all” approach

D  it is an overly simplistic and extreme approach

A  it strives to get all sides as much as possible of what they want

B  it makes the problem the problem

C  it focuses on shared interests rather than hard-line positions

D  it is legalistic and judgmental

A  by growing in these virtues we achieve our potential as humans

B  moral virtues are character traits that fulfill our essence as human beings

C  virtues are traits that express and fulfill our rational nature, moral virtues are character traits that fulfill our essence as human beings,and by growing in these virtues we achieve our potential as humans

D  virtues are traits that express and fulfill our rational nature

A  be quiet

B  not be frightened by loud noises

C  like to hunt

D  be a color that blends in with the surroundings

A  moral and legal rights of the individual

B  equality for individuals regardless of gender, race or class

C  reduction of social pain and suffering

D  Kant’s Categorical Imperative

A  advocated by Immanuel Kant

B  regards persons as supremely valuable

C  advocated by Martin Buber

D  believes individuals should be viewed as a “means to an end” and not “ends in themselves”

A  it is concerned with the well being of others

B  it is short term

C  it is a rational aim

D  it is essentially social

A  seeks the greatest good of the smallest number

B  aims for the greatest balance of happiness over pain of suffering as a whole in the long run

C  originated with Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill

D  focuses on happiness

A  describe the legitimate expectations of ourselves and others

B  may be organized into ethical theories

C  include greed, lust, and gluttony

D  include fairness, equality, responsibility, and respect

A  God listened to Abraham

B  Abraham thinks for himself

C  Abraham bargains with God,

D  Abraham agrees that Sodom should be destroyed

A  the biblical prophet Ezekial says Sodom was destroyed because of their homosexuality

B  some of the values were different then than they are now

C  the main point of the story is not clear

D  women were considered property of their fathers or husbands

A  not eating bacon, shrimp and lobster and not wearing garments made out of blended material and

B  not wearing garments made out of blended material

C  not eating shrimp and lobster

D  not eating bacon

A  lying to hide fugitive slaves

B  Jean Valjean stealing to feed a starving child

C  lying to shelter fugitives from the Nazis

D  lying to get out of trouble for something you’ve done wrong

A  rules replace the need to think

B  rules make life simpler

C  rules are rough guides and have exceptions

D  rules may conflict

A  welcome change

B  welcome challenges

C  limit your experience to what you know is true

D  pursue the facts

A  seek out people with whom you do not agree

B  aim to live more comfortably

C  seek out challenges

D  let challenges stretch your mind

A  sound ethical thinking

B  dogmatism

C  relativism

D  offhand self justification

A  sound ethical thinking

B  relativism

C  offhand self-justification

D  dogmatism

A  avoiding name calling

B  using categorical language when describing ethical issues

C  keeping an open mind

D  avoiding bumper sticker simplicity