Exam 2

A  Consists mainly of vitamins. minerals and enzymes

B  Can cure any disease

C  Provides proper nutrients and energy for your body

D  Causes an imbalance in your body’s organ systems

A  Cells using glucose from food and oxygen from breathing

B  Lungs producing energy by inhaling oxygen and exhaling carbon dioxide

C  Energy from food diffusing into each organ of the body

D  Photosynthesis using the food you eat to produce energy

A  Lysosomes

B  Chloroplasts

C  Ribosomes

D  Mitochondria

A  Fat used for protection

B  Protein used to increase muscle size

C  Carbohydrate used as energy source

D  Atom used to make oxygen

A  collection of pigments in the thylakoid membrane

B  “pouch-shaped” region on the surface of an enzyme where subtrates dock and eventually get converted into products

C  second messengers

A  second messengers

B  mobile carriers of high energy electrons

C  binds to the matching receptor to initiate cell communication

A  second messengers

B  “pouch-shaped” region on the surface of an enzyme where subtrates dock and eventually get converted into products

C  collection of pigments in the thylakoid membrane

A  mobile carriers of high energy electrons

B  “pouch-shaped” region on the surface of an enzyme where subtrates dock and eventually get converted into products

C  binds to the matching receptor to initiate cell communication

A  “pouch-shaped” region on the surface of an enzyme where subtrates dock and eventually get converted into products

B  collection of pigments in the thylakoid membrane

C  binds to the matching receptor to initiate cell communication

A  responsible for genetically programmed & cell-regulated suicide

B  carbon fixation initiating the Calvin cycle

C  transfers high energy phosphate into a molecule

A  responsible for genetically programmed & cell-regulated suicide

B  to release energy needed to make ATP

C  carbon fixation initiating the Calvin cycle

A  transfers high energy phosphate into a molecule

B  breaks down hydrogen peroxide into water & oxygen gas

C  responsible for genetically programmed & cell-regulated suicide

A  breaks down hydrogen peroxide into water & oxygen gas

B  transfers high energy phosphate into a molecule

A  responsible for genetically programmed & cell-regulated suicide

B  transfers high energy phosphate into a molecule

C  covalently bonds inorganic phosphate to ADP from energy released when H+ diffuses back into mitochondrial matrix

A  to prepare the cell for aerobic respiration

B  to produce carbon dioxide & alcohol

C  to convert sugar into starch

D  to release energy needed to make ATP

A  enzymes getting denatured

B  boiling of living tissues

C  release of O2 from the reaction

D  H2O2 evaporating

A  The dark purple areas (after iodine was added) were located in what used to be the green areas in the leaf.

B  The dark purple areas (after iodine was added) were located in what used to be in the white edges in the leaf.

C  Coagulation occurred in the center of the leaf.

D  Bubbles showed up after soaking the leaf in iodine solution.

A  aerobic respiration

B  fermentation

C  signal transduction

D  photosynthesis

A  an intermediate of the pathway.

B  the substrate that was broken down.

C  final product of the reaction.

D  an enzyme needed to make ATP.

A  B

B  C

C  A

A  released during photosynthesis

B  consumed during respiration

C  consumed during photosynthesis

D  released during respiration

A  Only the tube with starch by itself turned orange when tested with Benedict’s.

B  Only the tube with starch & saliva combined turned orange when tested with Benedict’s.

C  All tubes tested with Benedict’s reagent turned orange in color.

D  All tubes tested with iodine remained blue/black in color.

A  amount of O2 consumed

B  decrease in mass of peas

C  amount of CO2 released

D  amount of ATP produced

A  Photosynthesis & Respiration

B  Photosynthesis only

C  Fermentation only

D  Respiration only

A  acetone & petroleum ether

B  water

C  alcohol

D  iodine

A  presence/absence of milk protein

B  coagulation

C  color of the solution inside the test tubes

D  presence/absence of rennin (rennet)

A  purple anthocyanin

B  yellow green chlorophyll b

C  grass green chlorophyll a

D  yellow carotene

A  soaked peas & beads

B  beads only

C  dry peas & beads

D  soaked peas only

A  boiling activates enzymes in living tissues.

B  boiling denatures (destroys) enzymes in boiled tissues.

C  enzymes destroy living tissues.

D  there are no enzymes in living tissues.

A  Signal molecule between cells that far apart in the body

B  Second messenger

C  Binds to the receptor of a cell in close proximity to the cell that released it

D  Relay protein

A  cAMP is formed

B  ion channel receptor opens up

C  response protein is activated

A  receptors

B  second messenger

C  local regulator

D  relay protein

A  Each step in the cascade synthesizes ATP.

B  Multiple steps (cascade) provide for greater amplification of a signal.

C  Relay proteins are activated simultaneously.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  presence of enzyme inhibitors

B  role of cyclic AMP and calcium ions in signal transduction

C  reversibility of the process; signal molecule has to separate from the receptor after binding with it

A  A protein kinase is phosphorylated.

B  Hormone replaces GTP with ATP in the G protein

C  Conformational change in the receptor activates the G protein.

A  local regulators

B  lipid-based such as steroids

C  small & polar such as Ca ions

D  peptide-based such as insulin

A  mitochondrioal matrix

B  thylakoid membrane inside the chloroplast

C  stroma of the chloroplast

D  cell’s cytoplasm

A  carbon dioxide

B  water

C  NADPH

D  glucose

A  green light is absorbed by the leaves

B  photosynthesis uses green light as a source of energy

C  photosynthesis must occur in plant leaves

A  water

B  glucose

C  carbon dioxide

D  oxygen gas

A  enhance photorespiration

B  store water at night

C  use a different enzyme to fix CO2

D  fix CO2 into organic acids during the night

A  to provide oxygen gas that humans can consume

B  to make ATP that the rest of the cell may use

C  to breakdown sugar for energy

D  to make energy-rich fuel molecules

A  carbon dioxide int oxygen gas

B  light into oxygen gas

C  glucose into lactic acid

D  light into chemical energy

A  ATP and NADPH

B  CO2 and glucose

C  H2O and O2

D  ADP and NADP+

A  It combines with pyruvate to produce lactic acid

B  It enters the mitochondria to combine with oxygen gas

C  It gets reused & goes through glycolysis a second time.

A  Glycolysis

B  Krebs cycle

C  Electron transport chain & chemiosmosis

D  Calvin cycle

A  to use up oxygen gas

B  to release carbon dioxide

C  to create energy-rich products

D  for energy

A  pyruvate is converted into lactic acid

B  glucose is broken down into 2 three-carbon sugar

C  energy is released to produce ATP

D  intermediates get oxidized by NAD+

A  plasma membrane

B  chloroplast

C  cytoplasm

D  mitochondrion

A  Oxidative phosphorylation in the electron transport chain

B  Krebs (Citric acid) cycle

C  Glycolysis

A  Oxygen gas is used to make carbon dioxide.

B  The product of glycolysis is further broken down to release more energy.

C  Glucose is split into two pyruvates.

D  Glucose is synthesized using ADP & phosphate

A  energy-rich organic compounds & oxygen gas

B  cytoplasmic enzymes & mitochondria

C  anti-oxidants & inorganic salts

D  carbon dioxide & water

A  Respiration runs the biochemical pathways of photosynthesis in reverse.

B  Photosynthesis occurs only in plants and respiration occurs only in animals.

C  Photosynthesis stores energy in sugars, whereas respiration releases it.

A  glucose and pyruvate

B  NAD+ and FAD+

C  H2O and O2

D  ATP and citric acid

A  cell respiration enzymes are inhibited.

B  ATP gets converted to cyclic AMP & pyrophosphate.

C  high energy phosphate bond breaks off from ATP.

D  ADP & phosphate are covalently bonded.

A  Krebs (Citric acid) cycle

B  Electron transport chain & chemiosmosis

C  glycolysis

D  light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle) of photosynthesis

E  light-dependent reactions (cyclic & noncylcic electron flow) of photosynthesis

A  pulling the substrates away from the enzyme

B  occupying the active sites & preventing the substrate to bind with it

C  binding to the enzyme and modifying the shape of the enzyme’s active site

A  high concentration of its inhibitor

B  pH =1

C  warm moist environment

D  boiled

E  inside the freezer

A  detoxify toxins

B  digest food

C  release energy from “fuel” molecules

D  synthesize large macromolecules

A  4

B  1

C  2

D  3

A  B & C are intermediates.

B  D is much smaller than A.

C  A is the initial substrate & D is the final product.

A  the shape of its active site has to match the shape of the substrate

B  its polarity has to be similar to the product’s polarity

C  it has to be the same size as the substrate

A  Life obeys the law of entropy but not the law of conservation of energy.

B  Life contradicts the law of entropy.

C  To live, organisms convert “useful” energy into dissipated heat.