Chapter 4 Study Guide

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Question #1

Sleep apnea patients are advised to sleep

A sitting up slightly.

B on their stomachs.

C on their sides.

D on their backs.

Question #2

Loud snoring is a characteristic of

A central sleep apnea.

B primary insomnia.

C secondary insomnia.

D obstructive sleep apnea.

Question #3

Sleep apnea is primarily characterized by

A pauses in breathing while one sleeps.

B an inability to stay asleep longer than an hour or so.

C jerking of the legs and arms during sleep.

D sensory disturbances in the sleep environment.

Question #4

Primary insomnia is most often tied to

A GERD.

B substance abuse.

C stress.

D genetic factors.

Question #5

The American Academy of Sleep Medicine identifies ________ major categories of sleep disorders.

A 81

B 6

C 43

D 27

Question #6

Which of the following ethnicities is most likely to sleep with a pet, according to a study by the National Sleep Foundation?

A Caucasian Americans

B Asian Americans

C Hispanic Americans

D African Americans

Question #7

Which of the following ethnicities reported the lowest incidence of sleep problems in the United States according to a study by the National Sleep Foundation?

A Caucasian Americans

B Asian Americans

C Hispanic Americans

D African Americans

Question #8

Studies suggest that the amount of caffeine in about ________ of coffee per day yields low health risk.

A two cups

B four cups

C eight cups

D one cup

Question #9

Persistent heartburn (GERD) can be a cause for sleep interruption when

A you lie down soon after eating.

B your diet contains dairy products.

C you remain upright for several hours after eating.

D you exercise vigorously after eating and before bedtime.

Question #10

For two to four hours after eating, you should

A exercise moderately.

B establish a routine.

C remain upright.

D recline.

Question #11

Pre-sleep use of electronic technology affects sleep by

A augmenting circadian rhythms via light-emitting screens.

B more quickly relaxing the muscular system.

C speeding entry into REM sleep.

D relaxing the mind and diverting attention from the concerns of the day.

Question #12

In a national poll, approximately ________ of American adults admitted to having fallen asleep behind the wheel of a vehicle at least once in the past year.

A one-sixth.

B one-fourth

C one-half

D one-third

Question #13

Some researchers suggest the link between short sleep and impaired learning is brain-related, specifically because of problems with the

A hypothalamus.

B pituitary gland

C pons.

D prefrontal cortex.

Question #14

The U.S. Centers for Disease Control (CDC) in Atlanta links short sleep to an increased risk for

A liver disease.

B type 1 diabetes.

C increased academic performance.

D potential obesity.

Question #15

Americans of college age (19 to 29) typically

A et less sleep than the average American young adult (ages 14-18).

B get an equitable amount of sleep compared to the average American adult.

C get more sleep than the average American adult.

D get less sleep than the average American adult.

Question #16

A national poll conducted in 2013 found that ________ of American adults experience short sleep every night of the week.

A 45 percent

B 30 percent

C 23 percent

D 50 percent

Question #17

To determine sleep needs, researchers sometimes conduct a survey study, comparing the hours of sleep reported by patients to

A the median age of the patient population.

B mitigating factors such as stress and medications.

C correlating factors such as poor health, depression, and death.

D occupational and activity requirements of patients.

Question #18

Common in students, ________ is an accumulated amount of sleep-loss prompted by short sleep cycles.

A sleep surplus

B long sleep

C sleep debt

D sleep deprivation

Question #19

In which of the five stages of sleep does one typically spend the most time each night?

A Stage 1

B Stage 2

C Stage 4

D Stage 5

Question #20

Remaining active during sleep, the brain’s ________ is the thinking area and outermost “bark” of the cerebrum.

A pons

B hypothalamus

C cerebral cortex

D pineal gland

Question #21

The brain’s pineal gland produces the hormone ________, which helps control your sleepiness and wakefulness cycles.

A estrogen

B adrenaline

C insulin

D melatonin

Question #22

REM sleep is prompted by which structure, which is housed in the brain stem?

A The hypothalamus

B The pons

C The pineal gland

D The hippocampus

Question #23

Delta waves, which indicate deeper sleep, are evident in which of the following stage(s) of sleep?

A Stages two and five

B Stages three and four

C Stage five

D Stage two

Question #24

The five basic stages of sleep are further classified into two distinct orders characterized by

A the ability of the sleeper to quickly respond to stimulus.

B breathing rates.

C rapid vs. non-rapid eye movement.

D body temperature.

Question #25

The two structures of your brain that regulate wakefulness and sleep are

A the hippocampus and the hypothalamus.

B the cerebrum and the brain stem.

C the hypothalamus and the pineal gland.

D the brain stem and the hypothalamus.

Question #26

Which of the following is not one of the three areas of the brain involved in generating and maintaining sleep?

A The cerebrum

B The pituitary gland

C The brain stem

D The diencephalon

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Chapter 4 Study Guide

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