Navigation » List of Schools » Mission College Santa Clara » Anthropology » Anthropology 001 – Introduction to Physical Anthropology » Summer 2021 » Final Exam
Below are the questions for the exam with the choices of answers:
Question #1
A Apes have longitudinal arches in their feet.
B Apes have a complex material culture.
C Humans use spoken language.
D Humans have opposable big toes.
Question #2
A speech.
B hunting.
C tool use.
D bipedalism.
Question #3
A Orrorin
B Sahelanthropus
C Paranthropus
D Gigantopithecus
Question #4
A opposable hallux
B femurs angled to produce valgus knees
C a narrow pelvis
D posterior position of the foramen magnum
Question #5
A diastema.
B mesial bridge.
C dental gap.
D gingival space.
Question #6
A more limited ways of making tools
B more risk of developing arthritis and back injuries
C more difficulty transporting food
D more difficulty transporting children
Question #7
A opposable big toe
B dermal ridges on feet
C nails instead of claws
D longitudinal arch in the foot
Question #8
A eosimians
B chimpanzees
C hominins
D gorillas
Question #9
A acidic soil
B an oxygen-filled environment
C protection from scavengers
D a long period of exposure
Question #10
A frameshift and transposable
B synonymous and nonsynonymous
C point and synonymous
D spontaneous and induced
Question #11
A short digits.
B a precision grip.
C opposable thumbs.
D an expanded reliance on sense of smell.
Question #12
A a fossil found in a particular site.
B a marker species used to determine the age of a geological layer.
C the type specimen of a species.
D the ideal specimen of that species to which all later descriptions must refer.
Question #13
A the X chromosome determines sex.
B the Y chromosome is present in males only.
C sperm are more powerful than eggs.
D the X chromosome originates only from females.
Question #14
A A heightened sense of smell was important for finding food in the forest.
B Grasping hands and feet were necessary for living in trees.
C Greater intelligence allowed primates to locomote on two feet.
D Primates emerged because of adaptations to feeding fruit.
Question #15
A They are a closely related species that have branched from one species.
B They have moved to one area from ancient unrelated species of finches.
C They show great behavioral differences but are identical in appearance.
D They are no different from ancient species of finches.
Question #16
A a subfield of anthropology focused on the physical aspects of primates.
B a subfield of cultural anthropology focused on primates’ social behavior.
C known as biological anthropology in the Old World and cultural anthropology in the New World.
D sometimes part of anthropology, zoology, or biology, focusing on the relationships between primates’ social behaviors and reproductive fitness.
Question #17
A Arises to increase relationships between kin for the improvement of the society as a whole.
B serves to increase the reproductive success of a group’s females at the expense of the males’ reproductive success,
C arises from the collection of individual behaviors to enhance reproductive success.
D emphasizes the care of the young above all else.
Question #18
A runs from three to seven years, generally postweaning.
B is also called the “neonatal” period.
C runs from the second month after birth to the end of lactation, usually by the end of the third year.
D includes three months before birth and three months after birth.
Question #19
A having twin births every year.
B bonding with the dominant male monogamously.
C having one birth per year.
D caring for young and ensuring access to food.
Question #20
A any living or extinct primate that walks upright.
B living humans and their ancestors dating to as far back as 6–8 million years ago.
C the earliest ancestors of humans, prior to 6–8 million years ago.
D living humans only.
Question #21
A They originated in North America, according to fossil evidence.
B They did not differ between populations.
C They are found on every continent.
D They embody the idea of descent with modification.
Question #22
A all of the primates of Madagascar
B all of the African primates
C all of the New World primates
D diurnal and nocturnal galagos
Question #23
A A rare mutant allele for a medicinally beneficial chemical is lost in a plant population residing in a tropical forest fragment.
B An island population derived from a small group of castaways has an unusually high prevalence of a rare genetic disease.
C The last black-footed ferret dies in captivity.
D A population of finches develops robust beaks in response to a change in food supply.
Question #24
A refers to the mating rites of primates.
B primarily refers to male and female social hierarchy.
C is the study of sexual intercourse between primates.
D concerns differences in physical traits between males and females.
Question #25
A archaeology, geology, geography, and biology
B physical anthropology, biological anthropology, cultural anthropology, and linguistic anthropology
C biological anthropology, archaeology, cultural anthropology, and linguistic anthropology
D cultural anthropology, linguistic anthropology, geology, and physical anthropology
Question #26
A the retromolar space and heavy wearing on the teeth
B stocky trunks and short limbs
C thick bones and extra muscles
D the low-lying, elongated skull
Question #27
A small brain cases.
B low-lying foreheads.
C pronounced supraorbital tori.
D reduced prognathism.
Question #28
A a large face, small teeth, and the lack of a projecting chin
B a high vertical forehead, a round and tall skull, and small browridges
C large browridges, large nasal sinuses, and a large masticatory complex
D thicker postcranial bones than archaic Homo sapiens
Question #29
A Mousterian
B Upper Paleolithic
C Solutrean
D Magdalenian
Question #30
A long limbs
B a large nasal aperture
C a tall, flat forehead
D a narrow torso
Question #31
A blade
B Mousterian
C Acheulean
D flake
Question #32
A Back teeth became smaller because of increased use of material culture for processing food, while front teeth might have increased in size as an adaptation to using them as tools.
B Front teeth increased in size because of changes in diet, and this forced back teeth to become smaller.
C The rise and increased use of language required this reconfiguration of the teeth.
D Hominins shifted from eating roots, which makes use of the back teeth, to fruit, which makes use of the front teeth.
Question #33
A large, wide noses
B small, narrow noses
C narrow bodies
D long limbs
Question #34
A They evolved in place in different regions through gene flow.
B They and Neandertals became one population through gene flow.
C They spread from Africa and replaced all other populations with no gene flow.
D They initially were found in one region of Africa before spreading to other African regions.
Question #35
A flake
B spear
C chopper
D harpoon
Question #36
A australopithecine
B modern
C archaic
D apelike
Question #37
A flat cheekbones and small teeth.
B large browridges and wide cheekbones.
C a long and low brain case.
D a robust build of the postcranial skeleton.
Question #38
A Australopithecus afarensis, because it dates to 3.0-2.5 mya and they are found in the same area.
B Australopithecus robustus, because of similarly large molars and a sagittal crest.
C Australopithecus garhi, because of its association with stone tools.
D Australopithecus garhi, because of similarity in the face, jaws, and teeth.
Question #39
A thick bones and small browridges.
B thin bones and large browridges.
C thin bones and small browridges.
D thick bones and large browridges.
Question #40
A there was no known fossil record of hominins in Asia at the time.
B he found hominin fossils in South Africa while traveling on the Beagle.
C genetic comparisons linked African primates and living humans.
D of the anatomical similarity of humans and African apes.
Question #41
A sapiens.
B habilis.
C erectus.
D neanderthalensis.
Question #42
A big-game hunting was the most common way early hominins obtained meat.
B meat eating started before Homo erectus but increased with more advanced technology.
C meat eating started only with the appearance of Homo erectus and stone tools.
D violence among hominins was rampant.
Question #43
A Homo habilis could walk on two legs.
B Homo habilis had a larger brain.
C Tool-making was most likely less important to Homo habilis.
D Homo habilis had a large chewing complex.
Question #44
A increased intake of food, facilitated by larger teeth that permitted better food processing.
B stone-tool use that facilitated root and tuber processing.
C warmer climates, which changed the overall shape of the hominin body plan.
D increased protein in the diet, likely due to hunting.
Question #45
A 2.5–1.0 mya.
B 0.5 mya–present.
C 4.0–3.0 mya.
D more than 4.0 mya.
Question #46
A a foramen magnum at the base of the skull.
B long legs and opposable toes.
C double arches of the feet and adducted big toes.
D long arms.
Question #47
A larger teeth.
B shorter legs.
C a larger brain.
D a bigger sagittal keel.
Question #48
A made the digestion of foods more difficult.
B contributed to geographical expansion and increased food availability.
C decreased the amount of food energy available in the hominin diet.
D limited the expansion of hominins into certain environments, such as dry grasslands.