Midterm Exam

A  Donald Black

B  Karl Marx

C  Emile Durkheim

D  Max Weber

A  Means are most appropriate for ordinal variables.

B  Any of these can be used with an interval variable.

C  Medians are most appropriate for interval variables.

D  Standard deviation is most appropriate for nominal variables.

A  editorials

B  newspapers

C  major cities

D  grade inflation

A  a large population scattered across a wide geographic area

B  a small population scattered across a wide geographic area

C  a small population centered in one area

D  a large population centered in one area

A  A random number of tables.

B  A table of random events.

C  A table of random numbers.

D  A table of random incidents.

A  excludes the use of statistical theory to estimate the probability of correct inferences.

B  always produces samples that possess distorted characteristics relative to the population.

C  requires the use of a complete sampling frame.

D  should never be used under any circumstances.

A  systematic random sampling

B  simple random sampling

C  strafied sampling

D  cluster sampling

A  stratified sampling

B  quota sampling

C  simple random sampling

D  cluster sampling

A  Probability, because there is no sampling frame.

B  Non-probability, because that’s always the best.

C  Non-probability, because there is no sampling frame.

D  Probability, because that’s always the best.

A  the sampling error

B  the sampling frame

C  the sample

D  the main cluster

A  Guttman scales

B  Likert scales

C  Thurstone scales

D  none of the above

A  Likert Scale

B  Guttman scale

C  semantic differential scale

D  Thurstone scale

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  A composite measure should be unidimensional.; and Each item should have face validity.

B  There should be concern about the amount of variance provided by the items.

C  Each item should have face validity.

D  There should be concern about the amount of variance provided by the items.
A composite measure should be unidimensional.
Each item should have face validity.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  sleeper effects

B  sensitization

C  Hawthorne effect

D  personal attribute effect

A  Coding schemes should be appropriate to the theoretical concepts examined.

B  Codes should capture as much detail as possible, at least initially.

C  Codebooks should be firm, and not allowed to evolve over time.

D  You could use established codes or generate your own.

A  face

B  construct

C  criterion

D  content

A  Cronbach’s alpha

B  using established measures

C  split-half method

D  test-retest method

A  reliability and replicability problems raise questions about objectivity, typically small samples mean that there is a problem with inferences, and personal and personnel differences introduce problems with reliability

B  personal and personnel differences introduce problems with reliability

C  reliability and replicability problems raise questions about objectivity

D  typically small samples mean that there is a problem with inferences and personal and personnel differences introduce problems with reliability

A  truth

B  reliability

C  validity

D  precision

A  trend study

B  cohort study

C  cross-sectional study

D  panel study

A  richer in meaning

B  less explicit

C  less reliable

D  easier to aggregate

A  variable

B  observable

C  abstract

D  measurable

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  sampling procedures

B  choice of observation method

C  statistical analysis

D  data processing

A  description

B  evaluation

C  explanation

D  exploration

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  simplicity

B  generality

C  originality

D  testability

A  theory

B  hypothesis

C  bivariate conceptualization

D  value judgement

A  deductive and inductive

B  deductive

C  inductive

D  none of the above

A  illogical reasoning

B  Hawthorne effect

C  ecological fallacy

D  overgeneralization

A  realism

B  positivism

C  post-modernism

D  empricism

A  empiricism

B  positivism

C  realism

D  post-modernism

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  ability to capture absolute truth about reality

B  clear criteria for evaluation

C  systematic reduction of bias

D  audience appeal

A  tradition, intuition, and mysticism

B  tradition

C  intuition and mysticism