Chapter 6 Quiz

A  regulating gene expression

B  maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance

C  providing an unlimited supply of energy

D  serving as antibodies

E  maintaining acid-base balance

A  I, III, IV, and V

B  I, III, and IV only

C  I and V only

D  I, II, IV, and V

A  Yes; But, one should also do plenty of exercise to promote muscle regain.

B  No; Extra carbohydrate and fat, but not extra protein, are needed for recovery from illness.

C  Yes; Taking amino acid supplements helps keep the digestive system from overworking while you recover from illness.

D  No; Whole protein is better handled by the digestive system and will promote muscle mass gain better than amino acid supplements.

E  Yes; Amino acid supplements are an excellent way to quickly provide energy to muscles for rebuilding.

A  a carnivore

B  a pregnant woman

C  a vegan

D  a lacto-ovo vegetarian

E  an omnivore

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  She should be successful because it is an excellent way to lose weight.

B  Gluten-free weight-loss diets offer no advantages over other low-calorie diets.

C  Gluten-free diets are useful because they also help prevent cancer.

D  The gluten-free diet will help relieve any digestive symptoms she may have.

E  Even if she does not have celiac disease, she will benefit from removing gluten from her diet.

A  UV light

B  crop rotation

C  fertilizer

D  genetic modification

E  bacteria

A  RNA

B  DNA

A  It promotes a leaner body type.

B  It reduces the risk of cancer.

C  It provides more phytochemicals.

D  It provides more saturated fat.

E  It provides more antioxidant nutrients and fiber.

A  eggs

B  black beans

C  pasta

D  peppers

E  peanuts

A  It is used to make the brown pigment melanin.

B  It is converted into the hormone insulin.

C  It is used to make the vitamin niacin.

D  It is a precursor of vitamin C.

E  It is used to make the neurotransmitter serotonin.

A  Protein digestion and absorption require some form of carbohydrate.

B  Cells in the small intestine possess different sites for absorbing different types of amino acids, which causes competition among amino acids at the absorption sites.

C  Amino acids need a carrier in the bloodstream because they do not transport very well alone.

D  Larger peptide molecules must be completely broken down into amino acids to be absorbed into the bloodstream from the intestine.

E  Proteins are broken down into individual amino acids and absorbed by all intestinal cells at an equal rate.

A  loss of amino acids by excretion through the kidneys when cells die

B  excretion of intracellular working proteins as old cells wear out

C  conversion of half the protein we eat to glucose for energy

D  annual replacement of old cells with new protein that has entered the body in food

E  use of amino acids that have been conserved from the breakdown of old cells

A  eggs

B  flaxseeds

C  almonds

D  margarine

E  kidney beans

A  slow growth in children

B  a weakened immune system

C  impaired brain and kidney function

D  increased nutrient absorption from the digestive tract

E  negative nitrogen balance

A  mouth

B  stomach

C  blood stream

D  small intestines

A  glycogen

B  insulin

C  antibodies

D  collagen

A  heat

B  mercury

C  stomach

D  freezing

E  radiation

A  backbone

B  side chain

C  amino group

D  acid group

E  carbon bond

A  vitamin C

B  Iron

C  B12

D  zinc

E  phytochemicals