Module 1 Quiz

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Below are the questions for the exam with the choices of answers:

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Question #1

As an anticoagulant, heparin acts to

A activate antithrombin.

B chelate calcium.

C antagonize vitamin K.

D inhibit platelet aggregation.

Question #2

In a chemistry methods analysis, linearity refers to the

A analyte concentration range over which measurements are within the declared tolerances for imprecision and bias of the method

B closeness of agreement between independent results of measurements obtained under stipulated conditions

C closeness of agreement between the average value obtained from a large series of results of measurements and a true value

D relationship between measured and expected values over the range of analytical measurements

Question #3

True negatives ÷ (false positives + true negatives) × 100 is the formula for determining

A analytical specificity.

B clinical sensitivity.

C clinical specificity.

D analytical sensitivity.

Question #4

Hemolysis will cause potassium _____ when analyzed.

A and LD values to appear decreased

B value to appear decreased and LD value to appear increased

C value to appear increased and LD value to appear decreased

D and lactate dehydrogenase (LD) values to appear increased

Question #5

When a coagulated blood sample is separated by centrifugation, the liquid component is separated from the cells. This “serum” is the

A unclotted cellular component.

B clot.

C liquid component with no clotting factors in it.

D liquid component with all clotting factors present in it.

Question #6

How are the formulae for population mean and standard deviation (σ) stated?

A Σxi/N; The sum of squared differences ÷ the positive square root of the mean

B Σ(x1 − µ)2/N, The sum of squared differences ÷ the positive square root of the mean

C Σxi/N; The positive square root of the [(sum of squared differences between mean and individual values) ÷ (N − 1)]

D Σ(x1 − µ)2/N, The positive square root of the [(sum of squared differences between mean and individual values) ÷ (N − 1)]

Question #7

A statistic is a

A constant that describes some particular characteristic of a population

B complete set of all observations that might occur as a result of performing a particular procedure according to specified conditions

C value calculated from the observations in a sample to estimate a particular characteristic of the target population

D graphic device for displaying a large set of data

Question #8

A patient visits her physician stating that her prescribed painkiller is not working to reduce the pain following her recent surgery. A friend of the patient claims that the same painkiller “worked wonders” to reduce her pain after the same surgery. The physician states that the difference in the effect of the drug might be caused by ____, which is studied in pharmacogenetics

A an inherited disease

B epidemiology

C a genetic variation in drug-metabolizing enzymes

D a conflict of interest

Question #9

Comparisons of measurement values between clinical laboratories require a hierarchical approach that obliges routine clinical chemistry measurements to be referred back to a reference measurement procedure. This concept is known as

A uncertainty

B reliability

C traceability

D error

Question #10

The type of urine specimen that is best for detection of abnormal amounts of certain analytes such as chorionic gonadotropin for pregnancy testing is a

A catheter specimen.

B clean, early morning, fasting specimen.

C random and untimed specimen.

D 24-hour collection.

Question #11

A list of intervals followed by a list of frequencies is referred to as a

A frequency distribution

B frequency histogram

C range

D cumulative frequency distribution

Question #12

Calculate the clinical sensitivity for the following data: in a group of 80 patients diagnosed with sickle cell disease, 72 had positive test results. The clinical sensitivity of this test is

A 100%.

B 75%.

C 111%.

D 90%.

Question #13

A physician asks your laboratory to begin performing thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) analyses on all specimens that have a free thyroxine (FT4) analysis ordered, a practice that your laboratory currently does not perform. Your laboratory typically performs TSH only on those FT4 specimens that are outside the population-based reference interval. The physician suggests using subject-based reference intervals, claiming that population-based intervals are clinically insensitive. What is the basis of this claim?

A Subject-based reference values are more easily tracked and applied in settings in which large numbers of specimens are analyzed.

B Standardized laboratory methods produce more accurate results when examining individual subject values.

C Changes in a subject-based reference value might indicate altered biochemical status yet still be within the population-based healthy reference interval.

D Subject-based reference values more closely resemble the group of reference individuals that were used to establish population-based reference intervals.

Question #14

A blood collection tube containing a specific amount of additive is only half filled with blood instead of being completely filled. Will this collection affect laboratory test results?

A There will be a significant effect because there is not enough sample to run the test.

B There will be no effect on the results as long as there is no visible clotting for anticoagulant tube.

C There will be no effect on the results because the additive is “calibrated” for any amount of blood in the tube.

D There will be a significant effect on the test results because the additive must be mixed with a full tube of blood to achieve its appropriate effect.

Question #15

An individual working in a clinical chemistry laboratory is married to a sales representative who works for a company that sells chemistry laboratory supplies. When the laboratory manager requests a list of needed supplies, cost of supplies, and vendors, this individual only recommends the spouse’s company as the vendor. This is considered to be a(n)

A possible conflict of interest

B problem with resource allocation

C accounting issue

D maintenance of confidentiality issue

Question #16

Which one of the following anticoagulants is considered unacceptable for a blood sample that will be used for DNA amplification in the polymerase chain reaction?

A EDTA

B Heparin

C Acid citrate dextrose

D Iodoacetate