Lecture Exam 3 (2)

A  a bolus into chyme.

B  chyle into pepsin.

C  food into chyle.

D  proteins into lipids.

E  foodstuffs into bile.

A  f, c, d, e, a, b

B  e, b, a, c, d, f

C  b, a, c, d, f, e

D  b, d, c, a, f, e

E  e, b, d, c, a, f

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  secretin; stomach to increase motility

B  secretin; pancreas to release acidic pancreatic juice

C  gastrin; liver to secrete an alkaline solution

D  CCK; gallbladder to release bile

E  CCK; stomach to increase gastric secretion

A  peptides within the small intestine.

B  starch within the stomach.

C  amino acids within the stomach.

D  disaccharides within the duodenum.

E  complex carbohydrates within the small intestine.

A  osmodetectors.

B  bilireceptors.

C  mechanoreceptors.

D  omental neurons

E  chemoreceptors.

A  Tongue

B  Pharynx

C  Salivary glands

D  Teeth

E  Pancreas

A  deep to the visceral peritoneum.

B  between folds of the parietal peritoneum.

C  posterior to the parietal peritoneum.

D  in the peritoneal cavity.

E  between the visceral and parietal layers of the peritoneum.

A  pharynx.

B  stomach.

C  oral cavity.

D  small intestine.

E  esophagus.

A  Hepatic ligament

B  Intraperitoneal ligament

C  Falciform ligament

D  Coronary ligament

E  Mesentery proper

A  enamel.

B  cementum.

C  pulp.

D  calcium phosphate.

E  dentin.

A  choana

B  conchae

C  glossus

D  fauces

E  fossae

A  adventitia.

B  mucosa.

C  muscularis interna.

D  serosa.

E  submucosa.

A  Esophageal reflux

B  Activity of bacteria in the mouth lowers the pH

C  “Sweet” taste receptors are slower to respond than others

D  Salivary amylase activity

E  Phagocytosis by the pharyngeal tonsils produces by-products that taste sweet

A  diffuse ingestive structure.

B  accessory digestive organ.

C  chemically digesting organ.

D  alimentary canal organ.

E  organ of mastication.

A  mucus secretion.

B  passage of bile and pancreatic juice into the duodenum.

C  passage of a bolus into the stomach.

D  peristalsis.

E  passage of chyme into the duodenum.

A  glossal spines.

B  tonsils.

C  papillae.

D  rugae.

E  cilia.

A  Bile

B  Pancreatic amylase

C  Gastrin

D  Hydrochloric acid

A  Omental layer

B  Muscularis mucosa

C  Parietal peritoneum

D  Visceral peritoneum

E  Rectal peritoneum

A  high.

B  low.

A  Intestinal glands

B  Lymphatic nodules

C  Goblet cells

D  Villi

E  Simple columnar epithelium

A  Cystic duct

B  Common bile duct

C  Hepatopancreatic duct

D  Pancreatic duct

E  Hepatic duct

A  salivary nuclei of the brainstem activate parasympathetic pathways to salivary glands.

B  glossopharyngeal nuclei of the pons activate somatic and sympathetic pathways to the salivary glands.

C  basal nuclei of the cerebrum activate somatic pathways to salivary glands.

D  salivary nuclei of the cerebrum activate sympathetic pathways to salivary glands.

E  basal nuclei of the brainstem activate sympathetic pathways to salivary glands.

A  generate movement of materials in the large intestine.

B  are found throughout the gastrointestinal tract.

C  are found throughout the gastrointestinal tract, generate movement of materials in the large intestine, increase surface area in the small intestine, and contain both smooth and skeletal muscle fibers.

D  contain both smooth and skeletal muscle fibers.

E  increase surface area in the small intestine.

A  active enzyme that is released in the small intestine and digests carbohydrates.

B  active enzyme that digests proteins within the small intestine.

C  inactive precursor to a nonspecific enzyme that is synthesized in the pancreas and released in the small intestine.

D  inactive precursor to the enzyme pepsin that digests proteins in the stomach.

A  Trachea

B  Pharynx

C  Bronchioles

D  Alveolar ducts

E  Esophagus

A  the high degree of moisture and the large ratio of volume to surface area.

B  its hearty thickness and the presence of oxygen transport pumps.

C  its large surface area and minimal thickness.

D  its thinness, high water content, and scarcity of capillaries.

A  flattens the floor of the thoracic cavity.

B  stimulates the phrenic nerve.

C  expands the rib cage.

D  increases the volume of the thoracic cavity.

E  increases the pressure in the thoracic cavity.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  It has a cardiac notch.

B  It has a cardiac impression.

C  It is slightly smaller than the right lung.

D  It has 2 lobes and 1 fissure.

E  It has an esophageal depression.

A  intrapleural pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure.

B  intrapulmonary pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure.

C  atmospheric pressure is greater than intrapulmonary pressure.

D  intrapleural pressure is greater than intrapulmonary pressure.

A  Between the esophagus and the trachea

B  Between the trachea and the diaphragm

C  Between the esophagus and the diaphragm

D  Between the larynx and the pharynx

E  Superior to the larynx

A  peripheral; concentrations of carbon, dust, and pollution in the lungs

B  peripheral; blood concentrations of H+ and O2

C  central; blood concentrations of H+, but not CO2 and O2

D  central; cerebrospinal concentrations of CO2

E  peripheral; cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of H+

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  flexibility; anterior

B  rigidity; posterior

C  rigidity; anterior

D  flexibility; posterior

A  decreases elasticity, thereby increasing resistance and decreasing airflow.

B  increases elasticity, thereby decreasing resistance and increasing airflow.

C  decreases elasticity, thereby decreasing both resistance and airflow.

D  increases elasticity, thereby increasing resistance and decreasing airflow.

A  is the point of exit of exhaled air.

B  is an elevated area through which the trachea, pulmonary vessels, and nerves pass.

C  is an indented area through which the bronchi, pulmonary vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves pass.

D  is the point of entrance for inhaled air.

E  serves to anchor all pulmonary structures to the mediastinum.

A  Dorsal respiratory group

B  Phrenic nucleus

C  Ventral respiratory group

D  Pontine respiratory center

A  iron and albumin.

B  calcium and carbon dioxide.

C  carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions.

D  carbonic acid and bicarbonate ions.

A  b, a, d, c

B  b, d, c, a

C  d, c, b, a

D  c, a, d, b

E  a, c, d, b

A  The systemic cells

B  The alveoli of the lungs

C  The blood circulating in systemic arteries

A  enteric

B  somatic

C  autonomic

A  Nasal cavity

B  Bronchi

C  Alveoli

D  Larynx

E  Trachea

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  The left lung has two secondary bronchi and the right lung has three secondary bronchi.

B  The right lung has two secondary bronchi and the left lung has three secondary bronchi.

C  Each lung has two secondary bronchi.

D  Each lung has four secondary bronchi.

E  Each lung has three secondary bronchi.

A  Pulmonary alveoli

B  Terminal bronchioles

C  Respiratory bronchioles

D  Alveolar ducts

E  Alveolar sacs

A  inversely; directly

B  directly; directly

C  directly; inversely

D  inversely; inversely

A  The C-shaped cartilaginous rings

B  The internal epithelium

C  The internal air pressure within the trachea

D  The surrounding muscles

A  Oxygen diffuses from the blood to the alveolus because the alveolus has a higher partial pressure of oxygen.

B  Oxygen diffuses from the blood to the alveolus because the alveolus has a lower partial pressure of oxygen.

C  Oxygen diffuses from the alveolus to the blood because the alveolus has a higher partial pressure of oxygen.

D  Oxygen diffuses from the alveolus to the blood because the alveolus has a lower partial pressure of oxygen.

A  intrapleural pressure is less than intrapulmonary pressure.

B  intrapleural pressure is exactly equal to atmospheric pressure.

C  intrapulmonary pressure is less than intrapleural pressure.

D  intrapleural pressure is exactly equal to intrapulmonary pressure.