Exam 5

A  polyspermy

B  fertilization

C  trophoblast

D  polyspermal

A  It is a rather slow event of embryonic development.

B  It involves consecutive cycles of cell division without cell growth.

C  It involves consecutive cycles of cell division without cell growth and forms a blastula.

D  It is a rather slow event of embryonic development involving consecutive cycles of cell division.

E  It forms a blastula.

A  epiblast

B  hypoblast

C  fertilization.

D  blastopore

A  not develop if transplanted.

B  develop into both muscle and epithelial tissue.

C    

D  develop into connective tissue.

E  develop into epithelial tissue.

F  develop into muscle tissue.

A  the binding of a sperm cell to the egg

B  a slow block to polyspermy

C  a fast block to polyspermy

D  hydrolytic enzymes are spilled from the acrosome

E  a fusion of the egg and sperm membranes

A  egg membrane depolarization.

B  the zona pellucida or vitelline layer to harden.

C  fast block polyspermy.

D  the sperm to bind to the egg membrane.

E  the embryo to embed into the uterus.

A  to nourish the oocyte

B  to trigger the completion of meiosis by the sperm cell and to nourish the oocyte

C  to trigger the release of cortical granules and to trigger the completion of meiosis by the sperm cell

D  to digest the jelly coat

E  to trigger the release of cortical granules

F  to help propel the sperm toward the egg

A  slow

B  constant

C  moderate

D  fast

A  fertilization

B  gastrulation

C  specification

D  induction

E  cleavage

A  The blastomeres originate only in the vegetal pole.

B  The animal pole cells undergo mitosis but not cytokinesis.

C  The polar bodies bud from this region

D  The vegetal pole can have a higher concentration of yolk.

E  The posterior end of the embryo forms at the vegetal pole.

A  to digest the jelly coat

B  to help propel the sperm toward the egg

C  to trigger the release of cortical granules

D  to trigger the completion of meiosis by the sperm cell

E  to nourish the mitochondria of the sperm

A  is produced as a gradient & is required for cell-to-cell contact within the embryo.

B  induces blastulation of the developing embryo.

C  that separates out cytoplasmic factors to their respective cells within the developing embryo.

D  is produced as a gradient & induces the differentiation of cells within the embryo.

E  induces implantation of the embryo into the uterus of mammals.

A  blastopore

B  primitive streak

C  blastocoel

D  point of sperm entry

E  archenteron

A  the slow block to polyspermy

B  the cortical reaction

C  fast block to polyspermy

D  the acrosomal reaction

E  the entry of sperm DNA into the egg

A  V, III, IV, II, I

B  IV, V, I, III, II

C  III, V, II, IV, I

D  V, IV, II, III, I

E  IV, III, V, I, II

A  the fast block to polyspermy

B  both the acrosomal and cortical reactions

C  the cortical reaction

D  both the cortical reaction and fast block to polyspermy

E  the acrosomal reaction

A  the lip of the blastopore in the frog.

B  the notochord in a mammal.

C  polar bodies in a sea urchin.

D  neural crest cells in a mammal.

E  the archenteron in a frog.

A  the blastocoel

B  reproductive organs

C  brain and spinal cord

D  digestive tract

E  heart and lungs

A  induction

B  cleavage

C  gastrulation

D  fertilization

E  specification

A  chorion

B  amnion

C  allantois

D  yolk sac

E  trophoblast

A  migrate to many different regions of the body.

B  control the segmentation of somatic mesoderm.

C  differentiate into the brain.

D  form the notochord.

E  form the overlying ectoderm.

A  chromosome

B  blastopore

C  protostome

D  acrosome

A  differentiation and morphogenesis.

B  preformation and epigenesis.

C  cell division and differentiation.

D    

E  preformation and morphogenesis.

F  preformation and cell differentiation.

A  bird.

B  fish.

C  placental mammal.

D  frog.

E  reptile.

A  binding of sperm to egg membrane, acrosomal reaction, fast block to polyspermy, slow block to polyspermy, and then an increase in egg cytosolic calcium

B  acrosomal reaction, binding of sperm to egg membrane, fast block to polyspermy, increase in egg cytosolic calcium, and then the slow block to polyspermy

C  acrosomal reaction, fast block to polyspermy, binding of sperm to egg membrane, slow block to polyspermy, and then an increase in egg cytosolic calcium

D  acrosomal reaction, fast block to polyspermy, binding of sperm to egg membrane, increase in egg cytosolic calcium, and then the slow block to polyspermy

E  binding of sperm to egg membrane, acrosomal reaction, fast block to polyspermy, increase in egg cytosolic calcium, and then the slow block to polyspermy

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Archenteron

B  Notochord

C  Neural tube

D  Epidermis

E  Intestinal tract

A  Notochord

B  Chorion

C  Archenteron

D  Epidermis

A  Identification of a morphogenic field in the dorsal lip of the blastopore of an early gastrula. The development of dorsal structures (neural tube, notochord) on both the dorsal and ventral parts of the gastrula that received the transplant.

B  The development of dorsal structures (neural tube, notochord) on both the dorsal and ventral parts of the gastrula that received the transplant.

C  Discovery of a group of embryonic cells in the dorsal lip that ultimately produce specific body structures. The development of dorsal structures (neural tube, notochord) on both the dorsal and ventral parts of the gastrula that received the transplant. Identification of a morphogenic field in the dorsal lip of the blastopore of an early gastrula. Discovery of Spemann’s organizer.

D  Discovery of Spemann’s organizer.

E  Discovery of a group of embryonic cells in the dorsal lip that ultimately produce specific body structures.

A  Sonic hedgehog

B  apical ectodermal ridge

C  HOX genes

D  zone of polarizing activity

E  cadherins

A  Neurulation

B  Organogenesis

C  Cleavage

D  Fertilization

E  Gastrulation

A  nucleus.

B  cytoskeleton.

C  extracellular matrix.

D  transport proteins.

A  insect

B  amphibian

C  sea urchin

D  bird

E  fish

A  preformation.

B  fertilization.

C  histogenesis.

D  morphogenesis.

E  cell differentiation.

A  organogenesis.

B  gastrulation.

C  autonomous specification.

D  polar cap fusion.

E  fertilization.

A  histogenesis.

B  hypoblast

C  gastrulation

D  preformation.

A  proceeds by invagination and involution as cells roll over the dorsal lip of the blastopore.

B  occurs along the primitive streak in the animal hemisphere.

C  occurs within the inner cell mass that is embedded in the large amount of yolk.

D  is impossible because of the large amount of yolk in the egg.

E  produces a blastocoel displaced into the animal hemisphere.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  cell replication.

B  None of the choices are correct.

C  cell growth.

D  cell differentiation.

E  cell elasticity.

A  organogenesis.

B  neurulation.

C  gastrulation.

D  fertilization.

E  cleavage.

A  It determines hereditable disorders in the embryo.

B  It maps the proteins within a morphogenic field.

C  It assesses the quality of a developing embryo.

D  It determines the ultimate structure/function of a particular cell type during embryonic development.

E  It maps the genes of an embryo.

A  blastopore

B  Acrosome

A  endometrium.

B  archenteron.

C  blastopore

D  trophoblast.

E  blastocoel.

A  cytoplasmic determinants in an early embryo.

B  nuclei in an egg.

C  nuclei in an early embryo.

D  nuclei in a zygote.

E  cytoplasmic determinants in a zygote.

A  prevents gastrulation.

B  impedes the formation of a primitive streak.

C  is concentrated at the animal pole.

D  is homogeneously arranged in the egg.

E  can lead to unequal cleavage of cells in the animal pole compared to those in the vegetal pole.

A  somites.

B  cells that will form future pigment cells and certain facial bones.

C  the central nervous system.

D  the neural crest.

E  the archenteron.

A  fertilization, cleavage, gastrulation, organogenesis, neurulation

B  fertilization, gastrulation, neurulation, cleavage, organogenesis

C  fertilization, cleavage, gastrulation, neurulation, organogenesis

D  fertilization, gastrulation, cleavage, organogenesis, neurulation

E  fertilization, gastrulation, cleavage, neurulation, organogenesis

A  Only the cell with the gray crescent will develop normally.

B  Both cells will develop abnormally.

C  The cell with the entire gray crescent will die.

D  Both cells will develop normally because amphibians are totipotent at this stage.

E  Both cells will die immediately.