Lecture Exam 3

A  organ

B  nerve cell

C  organelle in nerve cells

D  axon

E  bundle of macromolecules in nerve cells

A  D, B, C, E, A

B  B, C, D, E, A

C  D, B, E, A, C

D  B, D, C, A, E

A  At least half the length of the fiber intact

B  At least the entire axon and neurilemma intact

C  All dendrites intact

D  The neurosoma and at least some neurilemma intact

E  At least part of the neurosoma intact

A  Hyperpolarization of the membrane

B  Threshold is reached

C  A resting membrane potential is established

D  Repolarization of the membrane

E  A local potential develops

A  reaching the threshold

B  repolarizing

C  exiting the threshold

D  depolarizing

E  hyperpolarizing

A  Oligodendrocytes

B  Satellite cells

C  Schwann cells

D  Nodes of Ranvier

E  Ependymal cells

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Excitablity

B  Conductivity

C  Secretion

D  Permeability

A  chloride; IPSP

B  calcium and sodium; IPSP

C  potassium; EPSP

D  sodium; IPSP

E  calcium; IPSP

A  Hypopolarization of the membrane

B  The resting membrane potential is reinstated

C  Threshold is reached

D  Depolarization of the membrane

E  Hyperpolarization of the membrane

A  Central nervous system

B  Somatic sensory division

C  Visceral motor division

D  Somatic motor division

E  Visceral sensory division

A  Active transport of sodium and potassium is faster in myelinated fibers.

B  Facilitated diffusion of sodium and potassium is faster in myelinated fibers.

C  Diffusion of ions along the axoplasm is faster.

D  There are no internodes in unmyelinated fibers.

E  There are more internodes in unmyelinated fibers.

A  somatic motor

B  somatic sensory

C  visceral sensory

D  visceral motor

E  afferent

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  It would become more negative.

B  It would hyperpolarize.

C  It would become more positive.

D  The RMP would be unaffected.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  By diffusion

B  Along microtubules

C  Via cytoplasmic streaming

D  Through co-transport

A  lipids

B  proteins

C  polysaccharides

D  carbohydrates

E  glycoproteins

A  Depolarization of the plasma membrane

B  Repolarization of the plasma membrane

C  Neutralization of the plasma membrane

D  Hyperpolarization of the plasma membrane

E  Drifting of the membrane potential towards the resting membrane potential

A  sympathetic

B  somatic motor

C  motor afferent

D  parasympathetic

E  sensory afferent

A  The dendrites

B  The axon hillock

C  The Schwann cell

D  The neurosoma

E  The axon

A  Both sodium and potassium ions are leaving the cell

B  Sodium ions are entering the cells

C  Potassium ions are entering the cell

D  Sodium ions are leaving the cell

E  Potassium ions are leaving the cell

A  A voltage change from +35 mV to 0 mV

B  A voltage change from 0 mV to +0.35 mV

C  A voltage change from -70 mV to -69.5 mV

D  A voltage change from -70 mV to -70.5 mV

E  A voltage change from -69.5 mV to -70 mV

A  Down the entire length of a myelinated fiber

B  From node to node in unmyelinated fibers

C  From node to node in myelinated fibers

D  Down the entire length of an unmyelinated fiber

A  The dendrites

B  The axon collaterals

C  The neurosomas

D  The axon terminals

E  The axons

A  organs

B  cells

C  organ systems

D  organelles

E  tissues

A  they alter the physiology of the postsynaptic cell

B  they are synthesized by a presynaptic neuron

C  they bind to specific receptors on the postsynaptic cell

D  they are released into the bloodstream before reaching the postsynaptic cell

E  they are released in response to stimulation

A  chloride gates are fully open

B  sodium gates are fully open

C  chloride gates are partially open

D  sodium gates are partially open

E  potassium gates are fully open

A  neuronal coding

B  neural summation

C  temporal summation

D  recruitment

E  spatial summation

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  An oligodendrocyte cells wraps its plasma membrane around each fiber as it does with myelinated fibers.

B  A Schwann cells wraps its plasma membrane around each individual fiber as it does with myelinated fibers.

C  A Schwann cell folds its plasma membrane around several fibers .

D  Satellite cells cluster around each axon to form a pseudo-myelin sheath.

A  Synaptic vesicles secrete neurotransmitter by exocytosis.

B  Enzymes in the postsynaptic cell break down some neurotransmitters.

C  Neurotransmitter escapes from the synapse into the nearby extracellular fluid.

D  The axon terminal reabsorbs some neurotransmitters by endocytosis.

E  Neurotransmitters are no longer released.

A  The nervous system releases hormones between cells, while the endocrine system releases neurotransmitters into the blood.

B  The nervous system releases hormones into the blood, while the endocrine system releases neurotransmitters between cells.

C  The nervous system releases neurotransmitters into the blood, while the endocrine system releases hormones between cells.

D  The nervous system releases neurotransmitters between cells, while the endocrine system releases hormones into the blood.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Somatic receptor → efferent nerve fiber → interneuron → afferent nerve fiber → skeletal muscle

B  Somatic receptor → efferent nerve fiber → afferent nerve fiber → interneuron → skeletal muscle

C  Somatic receptor → afferent nerve fiber → interneuron → efferent nerve fiber → skeletal muscle

D  Somatic receptor → afferent nerve fiber → interneuron → efferent nerve fiber → smooth muscle

A  visceral receptors

B  nociceptors

C  chemoreceptors

D  proprioceptors

E  pain receptors

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  anterior column

B  posterior column

C  anterior horn

D  posterior root ganglion

E  posterior horn

A  posterior root of a spinal nerve

B  posterior horn

C  anterior root of a spinal nerve

D  spinal nerve

E  anterior horn

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  painful

B  crossed extension

C  tendon

D  flexor (withdrawal)

E  stretch

A  Touch

B  Hearing

C  Taste

D  Smell

E  Vision

A  35

B  24

C  31

D  62

E  12

A  A fracture of vertebra C2

B  A fracture of vertebra C6

C  A fracture of vertebra T5

D  A fracture of vertebra T12

E  A fracture of vertebra L4

A  nerve fiber; neurosomas

B  nerve; neurosomas

C  nerve fiber; nerves

D  nerve; axons

E  nerve fiber; axons

A  Reflexes do not require a stimulus.

B  Reflex responses are very predictable.

C  Reflexes are responses to sensory inputs.

D  Reflexes are not voluntary.

E  Reflexes are quick responses of the nervous system.