Chapter 1 Post Test

A  temporarily increased

B  had no effect on

C  temporarily reduced

D  permanently reduced

A  the Electoral College.

B  the United States House of Representatives.

C  the United States Senate.

D  the Supreme Court.

A  minority rule with minority rights.

B  minority rule with majority rights.

C  majority rule with minority rights.

D  majority rule with majority rights.

A  They all protected the rights of people accused of a crime.

B  They all focused on protecting religious liberty from government action.

C  They all addressed government discrimination on the basis of race.

D  They all granted the right to vote to a previously disenfranchised group of Americans.

A  “one person, one vote”

B  popular sovereignty

C  laissez-faire capitalism

D  the rights enumerated in the Bill of Rights

A  oligarchy

B  income inequality.

C  liberty.

D  equality.

A  political needs are often placed above economic needs.

B  American values are not always reflected in practice.

C  European ideals have influenced American political culture.

D  Americans have never valued liberty.

A  Far fewer restrictions exist today on the press, political speech, and individual behavior than in the early years of the nation.

B  Ever since the ratification of the Bill of Rights, there has been a stable number of strict regulations on the press, political speech, and individual behavior.

C  Ever since the ratification of the Bill of Rights, there have been no restrictions on the press, political speech, and individual behavior.

D  Far more restrictions exist today on the press, political speech, and individual behavior than in the early years of the nation.

A  1920

B  1789

C  1965

D  1870

A  They were instituted in 1828 and are still in effect in many states.

B  They were in effect early in the country’s history but were eliminated by 1828.

C  They were in effect early in the country’s history but were eliminated with the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920.

D  They are explicitly forbidden in the Constitution and have never been instituted.

A  political equality.

B  equality of opportunity.

C  majority rule.

D  popular sovereignty.

A  limited economic freedom by requiring businesses to provide health coverage for their employees and establishing standards about which health services should be covered by the insurance.

B  limited economic freedom by creating a government-run health insurance program funded entirely by taxes on corporate profits.

C  expanded economic freedom by cutting taxes on any business that chose to provide health insurance coverage for its employees.

D  expanded economic freedom by allowing businesses to choose which health services would be covered under the insurance plans provided to their employees.

A  would not have to provide any health insurance coverage to their employees.

B  could not opt out of providing contraceptive care under the Affordable Care Act, even if they raised religious objections.

C  could be exempted from the Affordable Care Act’s requirement to cover contraception on the basis of religious objections.

D  could discriminate in their hiring practices on the basis of an applicant’s religious affiliation.

A  unlimited government.

B  economic equality.

C  limited government.

D  privacy.

A  have increased significantly over the last 40 years.

B  have largely stagnated over the last 40 years.

C  have decreased significantly over the last 40 years.

D  decreased significantly between 1976 and 1996 but have increased significantly since 1996.

A  about equally/proportionally represented within the national political system.

B  not represented at all in the national political system.

C  overrepresented within the national political system.

D  underrepresented within the national political system.

A  prohibited from accessing both education and emergency health care in the United States.

B  entitled to education but not emergency health care in the United States.

C  entitled to emergency health care but not education in the United States.

D  entitled to both education and emergency health care in the United States.

A  the Supreme Court’s decision in Plyler v. Doe.

B  refugees fleeing conflicts in the Middle East and Africa.

C  the collapse of the Soviet Union.

D  a 1965 Congressional decision to change the law.

A  6; Mexico and Central America

B  12; Asia and Africa

C  12; Mexico and Central America

D  2; Mexico and Central America

A  with the arrival of immigrants from Asia in the early 1970s.

B  with the arrival of Catholics from Latin America in the mid-1960s.

C  with the arrival of German and Irish Catholics in the mid-1800s.

D  with the arrival of Jews from eastern Europe and Russia in the early twentieth century.

A  Atheist.

B  Mormon.

C  Protestant.

D  Catholic.

A  added “Hispanic” to the racial categories of White, Black, Asian, and Native American.

B  classified all persons of Hispanic origin as belonging to “two or more races.”

C  stopped counting persons of Hispanic origin in a separate racial category.

D  officially began counting persons of Hispanic origin but also noted that Hispanics can belong to any racial group.

A  Africa.

B  Asia.

C  Latin America.

D  Europe.

A  Native Americans became U.S. citizens in 1868.

B  Native Americans have always been recognized as citizens of the United States.

C  Native Americans have never become U.S. citizens under American constitutional law.

D  Native Americans became U.S. citizens in 1924.

A  allowed only a small quota of new immigrants from northern European countries but a large quota of immigrants from eastern and southern European countries.

B  allowed a large quota of new immigrants from northern European countries but only a small quota of new immigrants from eastern and southern European countries.

C  allowed the same quota of new immigrants from every country around the world.

D  outlawed all immigration from European countries.

A  laissez-faire.

B  populism.

C  pluralism.

D  political efficacy.

A  all candidates for office are wealthy.

B  all candidates for office are highly educated.

C  less than a majority of citizens vote in every election.

D  citizens are informed.

A  a citizen calling her representative to complain about potholes on local roads

B  a group of citizens coming together to debate the pros and cons of higher taxes

C  citizens in a state approving the use of medical marijuana through referendum

D  a citizen deciding to contribute money to his preferred presidential candidate

A  direct democracy; representative

B  oligarchic government; direct

C  representative democracy; direct

D  oligarchic government; representative

A  democracy to an autocracy.

B  democracy to an oligarchy.

C  autocracy to a democracy.

D  autocracy to an oligarchy.

A  John Locke

B  Harold Lasswell

C  James Madison

D  Abraham Lincoln

A  a constitutional democracy

B  a totalitarian democracy

C  an authoritarian oligarchy

D  a constitutional oligarchy

A  North Korea

B  the United Kingdom

C  the Soviet Union under Stalin

D  Nazi Germany

A  authoritarian

B  monarchic

C  totalitarian

D  democratic

A  the number of people in charge

B  the level of wealth of the rulers

C  the strength of the military

D  international diplomatic recognition

A  Distrust makes it easier for the government to help people in times of crisis.

B  Distrust motivates people to participate in politics through voting, volunteering for political campaigns, and running for office.

C  Distrust makes people less willing to pay the taxes necessary for public activities.

D  Distrust strengthens the government’s ability to defend our national interests in the world economy.

A  Americans have a shallow commitment to democracy because approximately three-quarters of Americans will never vote in any election regardless of who is running.

B  Americans have a deep commitment because approximately three-quarters of Americans will vote in every election regardless of who is running.

C  public disengagement and cynicism is a persistent challenge for the functioning of American democracy.

D  public engagement with and trust in American democracy is at historically high levels.

A  the passage of the Voting Rights Act in 1965.

B  the ratification of the Fifteenth Amendment in 1870.

C  the ratification of the Constitution in 1789.

D  the ratification of the Twenty-Sixth Amendment in 1971.

A  Few Americans have embraced the ideals of equality of opportunity, equality of results, and political equality.

B  Few Americans have embraced the ideal of full political equality, but most share the ideal of equality of opportunity and equality of results.

C  Few Americans have embraced the ideal of equality of opportunity, but most share the ideal of equality of results

D  Few Americans have embraced the ideal of equality of results, but most share the ideal of equality of opportunity and political equality.

A  equality of access to public institutions.

B  laissez-faire capitalism.

C  economic fairness.

D  individual privacy.

A  strongly endorse the ideal of equality of opportunity.

B  believe in majority rule with minority rights.

C  strongly reject the ideal of popular sovereignty.

D  generally tolerate economic inequality.

A  the freedoms discussed in the Articles of Confederation.

B  the freedoms identified in the Supreme Court’s decision in Marbury v. Madison.

C  the freedoms delineated in the Bill of Rights.

D  the freedoms listed in Article I of the Constitution.

A  Anarchy, equality, and patriotism

B  Equality, oligarchy, and free enterprise

C  Democracy, patriotism, and the rule of law

D  Liberty, equality, and democracy

A  reduce the influence of the electoral college in selecting the president.

B  limit voting to property-owning White males.

C  eliminate the role of money in politics.

D  rid politics of corruption.

A  McCulloch v. Maryland (1819).

B  Plessy v. Ferguson (1896).

C  Marbury v. Madison (1803).

D  Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, KS (1954).

A  Declaration of Independence; Magna Carta

B  Constitution; Mayflower Compact

C  Constitution; Magna Carta

D  Declaration of Independence; Constitution

A  not experienced any regional shifts.

B  shifted as a result of people leaving the South and Southwest and moving to the Northeast and Midwest.

C  shifted as a result of people leaving urban areas and moving to rural areas.

D  shifted as a result of people leaving the Northeast and Midwest and moving to the South and Southwest.

A  used to be heavily urban and is now heavily rural.

B  has long been balanced between rural and urban areas, though of late it is becoming more rural.

C  used to be heavily rural and is now heavily urban.

D  has long been balanced between rural and urban areas, though of late it is becoming more urban.

A  about the same as it was in 1900.

B  much greater than at any other point in history.

C  much greater than it was in 1900 but much less than it was in 1970.

D  much lower than at any other point in history.

A  70%

B  30%

C  50%

D  10%

A  The number of Americans identifying as “two or more races” has remained at approximately 10% since the 1870s.

B  The number of Americans identifying as “two or more races” has increased from 10% in 1965 to more than 20% today.

C  The number of Americans identifying as “two or more races” has declined from approximately 10% in 1965 to approximately 3% today.

D  The number of Americans identifying as “two or more races” was largely unknown before the census added that category in 2000.

A  1920, when the Nineteenth Amendment to the Constitution allowed for universal suffrage.

B  1868, when the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution conferred citizenship on formerly enslaved people.

C  1857, when the Supreme Court issued its ruling in Dred Scott v. Sandford.

D  1896, when the Supreme Court issued its ruling in Plessy v. Ferguson.

A  not mentioned in any federal law prior to 1973.

B  allowed to enter the country in unlimited numbers by a 1924 Supreme Court decision.

C  largely prohibited from entering the United States prior to the 1940s.

D  strongly recruited to the United States by the federal government between 1882 and 1943.

A  increased dramatically between 1960 and 2015.

B  remained relatively constant between 1960 and 2015.

C  decreased between 1960 and 1975 but increased between 1975 and 2015.

D  decreased dramatically between 1960 and 2015.

A  be better able to judge the legitimacy of other nations.

B  feel a stronger sense of patriotism.

C  be better able to assess their own interests when making political choices.

D  be able to determine who belongs and who does not belong.

A  totalitarian government to a constitutional government.

B  constitutional government to a totalitarian government.

C  totalitarian government to an authoritarian government.

D  authoritarian government to a totalitarian government.

A  A system of representative democracy in which the ability to vote for elected representatives would be limited to the middle and upper classes.

B  A system of direct democracy in which the right to vote on laws would be extended to all citizens.

C  A system of representative democracy in which the ability to vote for elected representatives would be extended to all citizens.

D  A system of direct democracy in which the right to vote on laws would be limited to the middle and upper classes.

A  Although only a minority of the world’s population currently lives in a constitutional democracy, this form of government was very common prior to 1800.

B  Constitutional democracies were very common before 1800 and the vast majority of the world’s population currently lives under this form of government.

C  Although the vast majority of the world’s population currently lives in a constitutional democracy, this form of government was very rare before 1800.

D  Constitutional democracies were very rare before 1800 and only a minority of the world’s population currently lives under this form of government.

A  oligarchic.

B  democratic.

C  constitutional.

D  totalitarian.

A  Alexander Hamilton

B  Abraham Lincoln

C  Thomas Jefferson

D  Franklin Roosevelt