Lecture Exam 2

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Question #1

When elevating the mandible to chew food, the temporomandibular joint functions as a ________ joint.

A saddle

B pivot

C ball and socket

D hinge

Question #2

Which is not correct regarding articulations?

A All articulations contain some type of cartilage.

B An articulation is a joint between a bone and another bone, cartilage, or tooth.

C Arthrology is the scientific study of articulations.

D There are three structural categories of articulations.

E Articulations can range in motion from freely mobile to immobile.

Question #3

Based on its range of motion, the elbow is classified as a(n) ________ joint.

A gliding

B biaxial

C multiaxial

D uniaxial

E ellipsoid

Question #4

A movement that increases or decreases the angle between two bones is a(n) ________ motion.

A angular

B rotational

C sliding

D eversion

Question #5

When the angle between articulating bones increases beyond the anatomic position, the movement is referred to as

A dislocation.

B hyperextension.

C hyperflexion.

D supination.

E hypertrophy.

Question #6

Clenching the fingers to make a fist, then relaxing and straightening them, is an example of ________ followed by ________.

A flexion; extension

B extension; flexion

C adduction; abduction

D abduction; adduction

E extension; hyperextension

Question #7

When the arm is raised anteriorly, the movement at the shoulder is

A adduction.

B extension.

C rotation.

D flexion.

E abduction.

Question #8

Gliding is an example of an angular motion.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #9

The elbow is a ________ joint.

A condyle

B saddle

C hinge

D plane

Question #10

The connection between a tooth and jaw bone is an example of a joint.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #11

If you were to reach out your hand to receive a set of keys from someone, what movements of your forearm and hand would be involved?

A Eversion and abduction

B Protraction and rotation

C Supination and extension

D Depression and flexion

E Pronation and adduction

Question #12

In fibrous joints, the articulating surfaces are held together by

A fibrocartilage.

B articular cartilage.

C dense regular connective tissue.

D dense irregular connective tissue.

E areolar connective tissue.

Question #13

Which is not a cartilaginous joint?

A Second sternocostal joint

B Second costochondral joint

C First costochondral joint

D First sternocostal joint

E Intervertebral joint

Question #14

Which of these synovial joints does not have at least one rounded or convex surface?

A Saddle

B Condylar

C Ball and socket

D Pivot

E Plane

Question #15

Rotation of the forearm so as to direct the palm anteriorly (as in anatomic position) is called

A supination.

B abduction.

C protraction.

D eversion.

E pronation.

Question #16

If you move your head in such a way to look up at the ceiling, you are ________ your neck.

A hyperextending

B elevating

C rotating

D circumducting

E flexing

Question #17

The term “diarthrosis” refers to a joint that is

A slightly mobile.

B fused.

C immobile.

D freely mobile.

E dislocated.

Question #18

The interosseous membrane between the radius and the ulna is an example of a

A synchondrosis.

B syndesmosis.

C synostosis.

D synarthrosis.

E suture.

Question #19

Fluid-filled sacs that cushion synovial joints are called

A menisci.

B bursae.

C articular discs.

D fat pads.

E diarthroses.

Question #20

Which is false regarding ligaments?

A Intracapsular ligaments are within the articular capsule.

B Extrinsic ligaments are physically separate from the articular capsule.

C Ligaments are composed of dense regular connective tissue.

D Intrinsic ligaments are thickenings of the articular cartilage.

E Extracapsular ligaments are outside the articular capsule.

Question #21

If a clinician were looking to harvest bone marrow that made blood cells, which bone of a donor would be sampled?

A Distal humerus

B Distal head of femur

C Os coxa

D Phalanges

Question #22

Where does hemopoiesis occur?

A Epiphyseal line

B Red bone marrow

C Yellow bone marrow

D Nutrient foramina

E Endosteum

Question #23

Which is not a function of bone?

A Protection

B Body movement

C Hemopoiesis

D Mineral storage

E Hormone synthesis

Question #24

What are the matrix rings of compact bone that surround the central canal of each osteon?

A Concentric lamellae

B Canaliculi

C Interstitial lamellae

D Circumferential lamellae

E Perforating canals

Question #25

Flat bones

A have a diaphysis and an epiphysis.

B include the bones of the wrist that glide across each other.

C have elaborate shapes, and sometimes resemble sesame seeds.

D are, by definition, not at all curved.

E protect underlying soft tissue and may be slightly curved.

Question #26

Bone is considered an important storage reservoir for

A calcium, phosphate, and lipids.

B phosphate, glycogen, and nonpolar amino acids.

C steroids, proteins, and complex carbohydrates.

D calcium, complex carbohydrates, and polar amino acids.

E glycogen, nitrogenous bases, and calcium.

Question #27

Calcitriol stimulates absorption of calcium in the small intestine.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #28

Which is not correct about spongy bone?

A It is composed of tubular units called osteons.

B Its spaces hold red bone marrow.

C It is located in the epiphyses of long bones.

D It is located deep to compact bone.

E It forms diploe in the cranial bones.

Question #29

Most of the bones of the upper and lower limbs are formed by intramembranous ossification.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #30

Mature cartilage is avascular.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #31

Severe anemia may trigger an adaptive conversion of

A red marrow to yellow marrow.

B bone marrow to spongy bone.

C spongy bone to compact bone.

D yellow marrow to red marrow.

Question #32

Which is false regarding the periosteum?

A It includes two layers: outer fibrous and inner cellular.

B It is anchored to the bone by collagen fibers.

C It provides stem cells for bone growth and repair.

D It is composed of dense regular connective tissue.

E It covers the entire bone surface, with the exception of articular areas.

Question #33

In adults, the medullary cavities of most long bones contain red marrow.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #34

Calcidiol circulates in the blood and is converted to calcitriol in the

A kidney.

B liver.

C skin.

D bone.

Question #35

Spongy bone

A forms diploe in the cranial bones.

B is composed of tubular units called osteons.

C contains no osteocytes.

D has spaces filled with yellow marrow.

E All of the choices are correct.

Question #36

Mechanical stress of bones, such as that caused by weight lifting, is detected by

A osteoblasts, which then communicate to osteocytes and osteoclasts to deposit more hydroxyapatite.

B osteocytes, which then communicate to osteoblasts to increase synthesis of osteoid.

C chondrocytes, which then trigger osteoblasts to increase bone in a lengthwise fashion.

D osteoclasts, which then communicate to osteocytes to increase the size of lacunae.

Question #37

High blood calcium and exercise cause calcitonin release to

A increase.

B decrease.

Question #38

To trigger bone growth, growth hormone stimulates the

A parathyroid to produce parathyroid hormone.

B liver to produce calcitonin.

C liver to produce somatomedin.

D thyroid to produce calcitriol.

E brain to produce serotonin.

Question #39

What gives bone its flexibility?

A Elastic fibers

B Yellow bone marrow

C Trabeculae

D Inorganic salts

E Collagen fibers

Question #40

Which is characteristic of cartilage connective tissue?

A Matrix of protein fibers

B Avascular

C Gel-like ground substance

D Cells called chondrocytes and Avascular

E Cells called chondrocytes, Matrix of protein fibers, Avascular and Gel-like ground substance

Question #41

Which hormone inhibits bone growth?

A Estrogen and testosterone

B Calcitonin

C Parathyroid hormone

D Thyroid hormone

E Growth hormone

Question #42

Bone cells called ________ break down bone by secreting hydrochloric acid and enzymes that dissolve the matrix.

A osteoid cells

B osteoclasts

C osteoblasts

D osteocytes

E osteoprogenitor cells

Question #43

Compact bone

A All of the choices are correct.

B is avascular.

C is composed of tubular units called osteons.

D is located deep to spongy bone in the diaphysis.

E has a brace-like arrangement of trabeculae.

Question #44

Which type of cell produces new bone tissue by secreting matrix?

A Osteocytes

B Bone-lining cells

C Osteoprogenitor cells

D Osteoclasts

E Osteoblasts

Question #45

The formation of bone from a cartilaginous model is termed

A mesenchymal ossification.

B orthodontia.

C endochondral ossification.

D bone remodeling.

E intramembranous ossification.

Question #46

Which type of cartilage is found in the intervertebral discs?

A Fibrocartilage

B Reticular cartilage

C Hyaline cartilage

D Elastic cartilage

E Articular cartilage

Question #47

Endochondral ossification begins with a(n) ________ model.

A hyaline cartilage

B dense connective tissue

C mesenchyme

D osteoid

E membranous

Question #48

What is the function of cartilage located in the epiphyseal plates?

A Provides passageway for blood vessels

B Supports soft tissues

C Site of bone elongation and growth

D Provides flexibility for bending

E Forms articular surface

Question #49

An example of a flat bone would be the

A femur (of thigh).

B trapezoid (of wrist).

C sternum (breast bone).

D calcaneus (heel).

E radius (of forearm).

Question #50

Parathyroid hormone release is triggered by ________ levels of calcium in the blood.

A low

B high

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