Unit 2 Exam

A  because there is over-population and species survival depends on a new species evolving.

B  males and females don’t like each other very much and so prefer not to mate.

C  when there is extensive gene flow within a single species.

D  when interbreeding between two different species results in less successful hybrid offspring.

A  is called the theory of phyletic gradualism.

B  one possible explanation of speciation accepted by biologists today.

C  one possible explanation of speciation accepted by biologists today, is not the only pattern of speciation observed in the natural world and is called the theory of phyletic gradualism.

D  is not the only pattern of speciation observed in the natural world.

A  punctuated equilibrium.

B  parallel evolution.

C  microevolution.

D  gradualism.

A  environments change slowly.

B  gene flow between individuals within the population keeps them similar to each other.

C  natural selection is a powerful process.

D  new mutations are usually maladaptive.

A  genetic drift within populations.

B  sexual selection between two different species

C  they way natural selection favors particular traits suited to a specific ecological niche.

D  gene flow among members of the same species.

A  parallel evolution.

B  homology.

C  generalization.

D  adaptive radiation.

A  sympatric speciation.

B  allopatric speciation.

C  extinction

D  migration

A  large scale evolutionary change such as speciation

B  how the evolution of one species affects the evolution of another species

C  the relationship between humans and other animals in their ecological niche

D  small scale evolutionary changes within a single generation

A  the extinction of a species.

B  the death of individuals in a group.

C  evolutionary change within a species.

D  the formation of new species.

A  the appearance of new species

B  the change in allele frequencies from one generation to the next

C  the change from one species to another in one generation

D  any type of genetic mutation

A  gene flow

B  mutation

C  All of these forces may disrupt equilibrium.

D  genetic drift

A  the exchange of genes between populations

B  the chance loss of alleles in a population

C  the production of new genetic material

D  the differential reproductive success of individuals

A  changes in gene frequencies that are random with respect to adaptation.

B  maladaptive changes in gene frequencies.

C  adaptive changes in gene frequencies.

D  equilibrium in genetic frequencies.

A  populations out of equilibrium.

B  small populations.

C  medium-sized populations.

D  large populations.

A  mutation

B  genetic drift

C  migration

D  recombination

A  are affected by genes at many loci.

B  can be greatly impacted by the environment during an individual’s growth and development.

C  all of these are important in shaping continuously varying traits

D  are shaped by many genes, each with only a small effect on the phenotype.

A  natural selection

B  mutation

C  migration

D  genetic drift

A  New variation is slowly added by mutation.

B  There is no blending during sexual reproduction.

C  Mutations can be hidden in the heterozygous genotype.

D  All of these are ways that genetic variation remains within a population.

A  were discovered by Darwin.

B  the somatic cells of the body.

C  the sex cells or eggs and sperm.

D  do not differ between male and female animals.

A  gene

B  allele

C  genetic drift

D  mutation

A  Chromosomes come in pairs.

B  Hereditary material is contained in the chromosomes.

C  These are all true about choromsomes

D  One chromosome from each homologous pair is passed on to gametic cells during meiosis.

A  mendelian trait

B  non-genetic trait

C  dominant trait

D  polygenic trait

A  The Grants found all these things as part of their study.

B  beak size is inherited so the next generation had a larger average beak size

C  a large number of the birds had died as a result of the drought

D  the survivors of the drought had a larger average beak size

A  never changed because of high juvenile mortality

B  changed because equilibrium existed in the population

C  never changed because of stasis

D  changed over time because of environmental change

A  stabilizing selection

B  averaging selection

C  directional selection

D  disruptive selection

A  cannot be passed from parent to offspring.

B  allow organisms to evolve more rapidly.

C  are components of organisms that enable them to survive and reproduce.

D  almost always occur by chance alone.

A  there are no differences in the traits to be favored and affect survival and reproducation.

B  there is no competition.

C  evolutionary change would proceed in a nonadaptive direction.

D  traits are not inherited by offspring.

A  the inheritance of variation.

B  Natural selection is based on all three of these answers.

C  the struggle for existance.

D  variation in fitness.

A  individuals within a population vary.

B  all of these are essential elements of natural selection.

C  individuals with useful adaptations will be more likely to survive and reproduce.

D  while organisms within a population reproduce rapidly, resources are limited.