Unit 2 Exam

A  when interbreeding between two different species results in less successful hybrid offspring.

B  because there is over-population and species survival depends on a new species evolving.

C  when there is extensive gene flow within a single species.

D  males and females don’t like each other very much and so prefer not to mate.

A  one possible explanation of speciation accepted by biologists today, is not the only pattern of speciation observed in the natural world and is called the theory of phyletic gradualism.

B  one possible explanation of speciation accepted by biologists today.

C  is not the only pattern of speciation observed in the natural world.

D  is called the theory of phyletic gradualism.

A  punctuated equilibrium.

B  parallel evolution.

C  microevolution.

D  gradualism.

A  new mutations are usually maladaptive.

B  environments change slowly.

C  natural selection is a powerful process.

D  gene flow between individuals within the population keeps them similar to each other.

A  they way natural selection favors particular traits suited to a specific ecological niche.

B  gene flow among members of the same species.

C  genetic drift within populations.

D  sexual selection between two different species

A  adaptive radiation.

B  generalization.

C  parallel evolution.

D  homology.

A  allopatric speciation.

B  extinction

C  migration

D  sympatric speciation.

A  large scale evolutionary change such as speciation

B  the relationship between humans and other animals in their ecological niche

C  small scale evolutionary changes within a single generation

D  how the evolution of one species affects the evolution of another species

A  the death of individuals in a group.

B  the extinction of a species.

C  the formation of new species.

D  evolutionary change within a species.

A  the change in allele frequencies from one generation to the next

B  the appearance of new species

C  any type of genetic mutation

D  the change from one species to another in one generation

A  gene flow

B  All of these forces may disrupt equilibrium.

C  genetic drift

D  mutation

A  the production of new genetic material

B  the differential reproductive success of individuals

C  the exchange of genes between populations

D  the chance loss of alleles in a population

A  maladaptive changes in gene frequencies.

B  changes in gene frequencies that are random with respect to adaptation.

C  equilibrium in genetic frequencies.

D  adaptive changes in gene frequencies.

A  medium-sized populations.

B  small populations.

C  large populations.

D  populations out of equilibrium.

A  mutation

B  migration

C  genetic drift

D  recombination

A  are affected by genes at many loci.

B  can be greatly impacted by the environment during an individual’s growth and development.

C  all of these are important in shaping continuously varying traits

D  are shaped by many genes, each with only a small effect on the phenotype.

A  migration

B  mutation

C  genetic drift

D  natural selection

A  Mutations can be hidden in the heterozygous genotype.

B  All of these are ways that genetic variation remains within a population.

C  There is no blending during sexual reproduction.

D  New variation is slowly added by mutation.

A  the sex cells or eggs and sperm.

B  were discovered by Darwin.

C  the somatic cells of the body.

D  do not differ between male and female animals.

A  mutation

B  gene

C  allele

D  genetic drift

A  These are all true about choromsomes

B  Chromosomes come in pairs.

C  One chromosome from each homologous pair is passed on to gametic cells during meiosis.

D  Hereditary material is contained in the chromosomes.

A  non-genetic trait

B  mendelian trait

C  dominant trait

D  polygenic trait

A  The Grants found all these things as part of their study.

B  beak size is inherited so the next generation had a larger average beak size

C  a large number of the birds had died as a result of the drought

D  the survivors of the drought had a larger average beak size

A  changed because equilibrium existed in the population

B  never changed because of high juvenile mortality

C  never changed because of stasis

D  changed over time because of environmental change

A  stabilizing selection

B  directional selection

C  disruptive selection

D  averaging selection

A  cannot be passed from parent to offspring.

B  allow organisms to evolve more rapidly.

C  are components of organisms that enable them to survive and reproduce.

D  almost always occur by chance alone.

A  there are no differences in the traits to be favored and affect survival and reproducation.

B  evolutionary change would proceed in a nonadaptive direction.

C  traits are not inherited by offspring.

D  there is no competition.

A  the struggle for existance.

B  variation in fitness.

C  the inheritance of variation.

D  Natural selection is based on all three of these answers.

A  all of these are essential elements of natural selection.

B  while organisms within a population reproduce rapidly, resources are limited.

C  individuals with useful adaptations will be more likely to survive and reproduce.

D  individuals within a population vary.