Unit 2 Exam

A  when interbreeding between two different species results in less successful hybrid offspring.

B  because there is over-population and species survival depends on a new species evolving.

C  males and females don’t like each other very much and so prefer not to mate.

D  when there is extensive gene flow within a single species.

A  one possible explanation of speciation accepted by biologists today, is not the only pattern of speciation observed in the natural world and is called the theory of phyletic gradualism.

B  one possible explanation of speciation accepted by biologists today.

C  is not the only pattern of speciation observed in the natural world.

D  is called the theory of phyletic gradualism.

A  punctuated equilibrium.

B  microevolution.

C  gradualism.

D  parallel evolution.

A  natural selection is a powerful process.

B  new mutations are usually maladaptive.

C  gene flow between individuals within the population keeps them similar to each other.

D  environments change slowly.

A  gene flow among members of the same species.

B  genetic drift within populations.

C  they way natural selection favors particular traits suited to a specific ecological niche.

D  sexual selection between two different species

A  homology.

B  adaptive radiation.

C  parallel evolution.

D  generalization.

A  migration

B  allopatric speciation.

C  extinction

D  sympatric speciation.

A  how the evolution of one species affects the evolution of another species

B  the relationship between humans and other animals in their ecological niche

C  small scale evolutionary changes within a single generation

D  large scale evolutionary change such as speciation

A  the death of individuals in a group.

B  the formation of new species.

C  evolutionary change within a species.

D  the extinction of a species.

A  any type of genetic mutation

B  the change from one species to another in one generation

C  the change in allele frequencies from one generation to the next

D  the appearance of new species

A  gene flow

B  genetic drift

C  mutation

D  All of these forces may disrupt equilibrium.

A  the chance loss of alleles in a population

B  the exchange of genes between populations

C  the production of new genetic material

D  the differential reproductive success of individuals

A  maladaptive changes in gene frequencies.

B  adaptive changes in gene frequencies.

C  changes in gene frequencies that are random with respect to adaptation.

D  equilibrium in genetic frequencies.

A  medium-sized populations.

B  populations out of equilibrium.

C  large populations.

D  small populations.

A  recombination

B  mutation

C  migration

D  genetic drift

A  can be greatly impacted by the environment during an individual’s growth and development.

B  are shaped by many genes, each with only a small effect on the phenotype.

C  are affected by genes at many loci.

D  all of these are important in shaping continuously varying traits

A  genetic drift

B  migration

C  mutation

D  natural selection

A  There is no blending during sexual reproduction.

B  New variation is slowly added by mutation.

C  All of these are ways that genetic variation remains within a population.

D  Mutations can be hidden in the heterozygous genotype.

A  the somatic cells of the body.

B  the sex cells or eggs and sperm.

C  were discovered by Darwin.

D  do not differ between male and female animals.

A  genetic drift

B  allele

C  gene

D  mutation

A  One chromosome from each homologous pair is passed on to gametic cells during meiosis.

B  These are all true about choromsomes

C  Hereditary material is contained in the chromosomes.

D  Chromosomes come in pairs.

A  polygenic trait

B  mendelian trait

C  non-genetic trait

D  dominant trait

A  a large number of the birds had died as a result of the drought

B  The Grants found all these things as part of their study.

C  beak size is inherited so the next generation had a larger average beak size

D  the survivors of the drought had a larger average beak size

A  never changed because of stasis

B  never changed because of high juvenile mortality

C  changed because equilibrium existed in the population

D  changed over time because of environmental change

A  directional selection

B  disruptive selection

C  averaging selection

D  stabilizing selection

A  almost always occur by chance alone.

B  allow organisms to evolve more rapidly.

C  cannot be passed from parent to offspring.

D  are components of organisms that enable them to survive and reproduce.

A  evolutionary change would proceed in a nonadaptive direction.

B  traits are not inherited by offspring.

C  there is no competition.

D  there are no differences in the traits to be favored and affect survival and reproducation.

A  the struggle for existance.

B  Natural selection is based on all three of these answers.

C  variation in fitness.

D  the inheritance of variation.

A  while organisms within a population reproduce rapidly, resources are limited.

B  individuals with useful adaptations will be more likely to survive and reproduce.

C  all of these are essential elements of natural selection.

D  individuals within a population vary.