Lecture Exam 1 (A)

A  change the antibiotic structure so that it cannot function

B  change the microorganismâ s targeted cell structure

C  move to a new location where there is no antibiotic

D  increase the pH so that the antibiotic does not work

E  more than one of the above is correct

F  none of the above is correct

A  dust

B  air

C  oxygen

D  carbon dioxide

E  sunlight

A  the flask had a glass barrier that prevented contamination.

B  the flask could be heated media in order to prevent microbial growth.

C  the experimenter could look for contamination without disturbing the experiment.

D  the flask allowed fresh air to directly contact the medium

A  parasitism

B  mutualism

C  pathogenicity

D  commensalism

A  pathogens cannot enter by alternate routes.

B  a different disease of the same severity will result.

C  a more severe disease will result.

D  a milder disease will result.

A  endemic

B  sporadic

C  pandemic

D  epidemic

A  epidemic.

B  pandemic.

C  sporadic.

D  endemic.

A  their outer shell is full of protons

B  their outer shell is full of electrons

C  their outer shell is full of atoms

D  their outer shell is full of neutrons

A  social infections

B  nosocomial infections

C  vector-borne infections

D  community infections

A  portal of entry

B  lethal point

C  infectious point

D  penetration point

A  octet electrons

B  inert electrons

C  valence electrons

D  reactive electrons

A  the number of protons in the outer valance shell and the number of neutrons in the outer valence shell

B  the number of electrons in the outer valence shell

C  the number of neutrons in the outer valence shell

D  the number of protons in the outer valance shell

E  none of the above

A  the organism must be isolated in pure culture from the lab animal

B  the microorganism must be isolated in pure culture

C  the organism must be isolated in all cases of disease

D  the isolated organism must be inoculated in a human and cause disease

A  a place the microbe resides during an infection.

B  a place for the microbe to live before and after infection.

C  an infected host organism

D  the animal or object that transmits the infectious disease to humans

A  social isolation never makes them go away

B  they usually end with very minimal loss of human life

C  they only affect poor, less affluent countries

D  ignorance almost always makes them worse

A  decline

B  incubation

C  convalescence

D  prodromal

E  more than one of the above is correct

F  illness

A  they can be detected before they outbreak into pandemics

B  when humans are the final spill over recipient, the virulence increases

C  they often involve several animals before they transmit to humans

D  they always are transmitted from the same vector

A  hot zone

B  reservoir

C  source

D  vector

A  illness, convalescence, incubation, prodromal period, decline

B  incubation, prodromal period, illness, decline, convalescence

C  prodromal period, convalescence, incubation, illness, decline

D  incubation, convalescence, prodromal period, illness, decline

E  convalescence, incubation, prodromal period, illness, decline

A  prevalence

B  incidence

C  mortality

D  morbidity

A  threshold immunity

B  herd immunity

C  resistance effect

D  vicarious immunity

A  animals.

B  individuals

C  states.

D  insects.

E  continents.

A  ionic bond.

B  non-polar covalent bond

C  polar-covalent bond.

D  hydrogen bond.

A  more than one of the above is correct

B  transmitting infectious water droplets through the rain

C  transmitting infectious water droplets through sneezing

D  transmitting infectious water droplets through sweating

E  transmitting infectious water droplets through laughing

F  none of the above is correct

A  is exactly the same for every infectious outbreak in recent history

B  refers to the proportion of living cases among those that have the disease

C  refers to the number of people an infected person will infect with the virus

D  refers to the proportion of fatal cases among those that have the disease

A  an infection whose spread cannot be controlled

B  an infection the spreads in a hospital

C  an infection that spreads between two humans

D  an infection that spreads from an animal to a human

A  respiratory membrane

B  prodromal route

C  parenteral route.

D  nosocomial route

E  none of the above

A  all microorganisms in a certain geographic region

B  all microorganisms the human body

C  all of the microorganisms involved in symbiotic relationships

D  all microorganisms of the same species

A  the number of microorganisms infecting the host

B  the virulence of the organism

C  the host’s defenses or degree of resistance

D  the number of microorganisms infecting the host, the virulence of the organism and the host’s defenses or degree of resistance

E  none of the above are correct

A  death rate

B  number of prevalence

C  number of incidences

D  infection rate

E  more than one of the above is correct

F  none of the above is correct

A  partial

B  opportunistic

C  nosocomial

D  common source

A  a parasite that infects dogs

B  a virus that does nothing to humans

C  a parasite that kills its host

D  a microbe that causes disease in humans

A  Spallanzani covered his flasks with gauze before boiling

B  Needham covered his flasks with gauze after boiling the media

C  Needham did not cover his flasks after boiling the media

D  Spallanzani did not cover his flasks after boiling the media

A  the eyes and skin

B  the urinary tract

C  the digestive tract

D  the placenta

E  the respiratory tract

A  temperature

B  time

C  size

D  location

A  energy and matter is neither created nor destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

B  energy is neither created nor destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

C  matter is neither created nor destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

D  neither energy and matter can be created and destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

A  appearance of clinical symptoms and death

B  the initial infection and appearance of clinical symptoms

C  time of infection and recovery

D  the time of infection and death

A  clearly identify and characterize a particular microorganism.

B  demonstrate that a disease is caused by a specific microorganism.

C  develop vaccines for specific diseases.

D  isolate microorganisms from diseased animals.

A  environmental conditions

B  human behavior and genetic profile

C  genetic profile, human behavior and environmental conditions

D  genetic profile

A  it is highly virulent

B  it is a sporadic infection

C  its virulence is low

D  it is not human pathogen

E  none of the above are correct

A  air

B  cells

C  bacteria

D  disease

A  pH has no effect on virulence.

B  stomach acid increases the virulence of Vibrio cholerae

C  stomach acid decreases the virulence of Vibrio cholerae.

D  stomach acid is not an important factor in determining virulence.

A  DNA

B  mitochondrial

C  fats

D  appearance

E  Gram stains

A  a flask with a gauze covering

B  a flask that was sealed and turned upside down

C  a Swan necked flask

D  a flask that was open for one week and sealed for another week

A  nonliving matter gives rise to living organisms

B  living cells can only arise from preexisting living cells

C  Microorganisms can be generated for nonliving matter

D  oxygen is necessary for living organisms

A  2, 8, 18, 8, 5

B  2, 8, 18, 2

C  2, 8, 18, 8, 2

D  2, 8, 18

A  30 times more acidic

B  100 times more acidic

C  3 times more acidic

D  10 times more acidic

E  1000 times more acidic

A  towels

B  human hands

C  more than one of the above is correct

D  door handles

E  needles

A  1.5

B  8

C  14

D  7.5

E  7

A  pathogens.

B  commensals.

C  mutualistic.

D  parasites.