Test 1

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Question #1

The division of labor is highest in which type of society?

A imperial societies

B feudal

C advanced industrial

D industrial

E hunting and gathering

Question #2

In which of these societies was work regarded as a sacred ritual?

A postindustrial society

B mass production

C hunting and gathering societies

D merchant capitalism

E feudal system

Question #3

Select the government’s reference week Current Population Survey term and classify the following person, based only on the following description choose the government’s term in reference to the person’s situation during the reference week for the Current Population
Survey. Joe Miller, age 45, worked Tuesday through Friday at the Westview Widget Works. He took Monday off to attend a neighbor’s funeral.

A discouraged worker

B not in the labor force

C unemployed

D not in the target population

E employed

Question #4

Historically, many systems of work encountered certain difficulties. Select the system of organizing work associated with that system’s reason for difficulty:
The work day lengthened, work intensified, and the number of holidays decreased.

A putting-out industry

B the factory system

C craft guilds (Middle Ages)

D postindustrial society

E guild system (Roman Era)

Question #5

Markets in modern societies

A involve services as well as goods.

B cover many more commodities used in daily life.

C all of the others

D are global in reach.

E have replaced barter.

Question #6

Industrial capitalism (the factory system) was accompanied by

A greater attention to workers’ conditions.

B stopping emigration to the colonies.

C the emancipation of women through participation in the workforce.

D the introduction of machinery.

E a decrease in the division of labor.

Question #7

Select the government’s reference week Current Population Survey term and classify the following person, based only on the following description choose the government’s term in reference to the person’s situation during the reference week for the Current Population
Survey. Joe Miller’s father, Walter Miller, age 77, is retired but spent the week sitting in the courthouse square and playing checkers. He won $3 from Sam Smith by betting on the outcome of the checkers game.

A unemployed

B discouraged worker

C employed

D not in the target population

E not in the labor force

Question #8

The relative disadvantage of sample surveys is

A lack of generalizability.

B lack of reliability.

C experimenter bias.

D response error.

E interviewer fatigue.

Question #9

An advantage of multiple methods is

A less response error.

B greater government subsidy.

C greater reliability.

D less experimental bias.

E less attention to ascribed characteristics.

Question #10

Imperial societies developed

A slave labor.

B the assembly line.

C agriculture.

D markets.

E bureaucracy.

Question #11

Classical and contemporary theories of work are challenged by

A rapid change in the nature of work.

B the alienation of workers.

C the development of bureaucracy.

D the creation of a class structure.

E the monetization of commodity production.

Question #12

The contradictory nature of work is depicted by

A the fact that both workers and managers can be described as working.

B the relationship of bureaucracy to technology.

C the fact that work produces both satisfaction and alienation.

E the contrast between the situations of free workers and slaves.

F the fact that work generates both goods and services.

Question #13

Select the government’s reference week Current Population Survey term and classify the following person, based only on the following description choose the government’s term in reference to the person’s situation during the reference week for the Current Population
Survey. Clara Miller, Walter’s wife, is age 75. She has stopped looking for work because she believes no one will hire a woman of her age.

A employed

B not in the target population

C discouraged worker

D unemployed

E not in the labor force

Question #14

The social stratification of a society is most influenced by

A the number of factories per thousand workers.

B the ratio of unpaid to paid labor.

C the number of women who work outside the home.

D the division of labor.

E the level of technology in services.

Question #15

A good survey includes all of the following EXCEPT

A experimenter bias.

B minimal response error.

C reliable questions.

D a representative set of respondents.

E valid questions.

Question #16

Serfs are associated with

A sheep enclosures.

B corvee labor.

C craft work in a city.

D craft work in ancient Rome.

E service work.

Question #17

When sociologists conduct sample surveys, they ask questions of a systematic sample of people. What is the relationship of the sample to the population of interest?

A The sample represents only the working part of the population.

B The sample is the same as the population.

C The sample is representative of the population.

D The sample has a smaller response error than the population.

E The sample answers questions that the population refuses to answer.

Question #18

Sociologists who study work use as their unit of analysis
all of the following EXCEPT

A unions.

B occupations.

C the worker.

D the labor force.

E income tax returns.

Question #19

Characteristics of work that are hard to measure often involve

A official labor force statistics.

B the Hawthorne Effect.

C sample surveys.

D experimental bias.

E both objective and subjective elements.

Question #20

How occupations are perceived by others is measured by

A establishment surveys.

B occupational prestige.

C socioeconomic status scores.

D detailed occupation groupings.

E mixed methods.

Question #21

Select the government’s reference week Current Population Survey term and classify the following person, based only on the following description choose the government’s term in reference to the person’s situation during the reference week for the Current Population
Survey. Sharon Miller, age 17, spent four hours Friday evening and four hours Saturday evening baby-sitting for the Rodriguez family.

A employed

B unemployed

C discouraged worker

D not in the labor force

E not in the target population

Question #22

Which of the following statements about bureaucracy is true?

A Bureaucracies exist only in Europe and the United States.

B A bureaucracy is a hierarchy based on personal authority and charisma.

C A bureaucracy is characterized by standardized rules and procedures.

D By definition, a bureaucracy can exist only in the government or not-for-profit sector.

E Bureaucracies are highly inefficient by nature.

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