Lecture Exam 1

A  all microorganisms in a certain geographic region

B  all of the microorganisms involved in symbiotic relationships

C  all microorganisms the human body

D  all microorganisms of the same species

A  8

B  7

C  7.5

D  1.5

E  14

A  the initial infection and appearance of clinical symptoms

B  the time of infection and death

C  time of infection and recovery

D  appearance of clinical symptoms and death

A  a flask with a gauze covering

B  a flask that was sealed and turned upside down

C  a Swan necked flask

D  a flask that was open for one week and sealed for another week

A  a milder disease will result.

B  a different disease of the same severity will result.

C  a more severe disease will result.

D  pathogens cannot enter by alternate routes.

A  a parasite that infects dogs

B  a microbe that causes disease in humans

C  a virus that does nothing to humans

D  a parasite that kills its host

A  non-polar covalent bond

B  polar-covalent bond.

C  hydrogen bond.

D  ionic bond.

A  refers to the proportion of fatal cases among those that have the disease

B  refers to the number of people an infected person will infect with the virus

C  refers to the proportion of living cases among those that have the disease

D  is exactly the same for every infectious outbreak in recent history

A  vicarious immunity

B  threshold immunity

C  resistance effect

D  herd immunity

A  disease

B  air

C  bacteria

D  cells

A  stomach acid increases the virulence of Vibrio cholerae

B  stomach acid decreases the virulence of Vibrio cholerae.

C  pH has no effect on virulence.

D  stomach acid is not an important factor in determining virulence.

A  an infection the spreads in a hospital

B  an infection that spreads between two humans

C  an infection that spreads from an animal to a human

D  an infection whose spread cannot be controlled

A  continents.

B  states.

C  animals.

D  individuals

E  insects.

A  pathogenicity

B  parasitism

C  mutualism

D  commensalism

A  DNA

B  fats

C  Gram stains

D  appearance

E  mitochondrial

A  community infections

B  vector-borne infections

C  social infections

D  nosocomial infections

A  illness, convalescence, incubation, prodromal period, decline

B  incubation, prodromal period, illness, decline, convalescence

C  convalescence, incubation, prodromal period, illness, decline

D  prodromal period, convalescence, incubation, illness, decline

E  incubation, convalescence, prodromal period, illness, decline

A  prodromal

B  convalescence

C  more than one of the above is correct

D  incubation

E  decline

F  illness

A  vector

B  source

C  reservoir

D  hot zone

A  infectious point

B  penetration point

C  lethal point

D  portal of entry

A  30 times more acidic

B  1000 times more acidic

C  3 times more acidic

D  100 times more acidic

E  10 times more acidic

A  the host’s defenses or degree of resistance

B  the number of microorganisms infecting the host

C  the virulence of the organism

D  the number of microorganisms infecting the host, the virulence of the organism, and the host’s defenses or degree of resistance

E  none of the above are correct

A  dust

B  sunlight

C  air

D  oxygen

E  carbon dioxide

A  door handles

B  human hands

C  towels

D  needles

E  more than one of the above is correct

F  none of the above is correct

A  more than one of the above is correct

B  move to a new location where there is no antibiotic

C  change the microorganismâ s targeted cell structure

D  increase the pH so that the antibiotic does not work

E  change the antibiotic structure so that it cannot function

F  none of the above is correct

A  energy and matter is neither created nor destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

B  matter is neither created nor destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

C  neither energy and matter can be created and destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

D  energy is neither created nor destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

A  their outer shell is full of protons

B  their outer shell is full of neutrons

C  their outer shell is full of atoms

D  their outer shell is full of electrons

A  human behavior

B  genetic profile

C  environmental conditions

D  genetic profile, human behavior, and environmental conditions

A  the eyes and skin

B  the placenta

C  the respiratory tract

D  the urinary tract

E  the digestive tract

A  the organism must be isolated in all cases of disease

B  the organism must be isolated in pure culture from the lab animal

C  the isolated organism must be inoculated in a human and cause disease

D  the microorganism must be isolated in pure culture

A  it is a sporadic infection

B  its virulence is low

C  it is highly virulent

D  it is not human pathogen

E  none of the above are correct

A  endemic

B  epidemic

C  pandemic

D  sporadic

A  prevalence

B  incidence

C  mortality

D  morbidity

A  2, 8, 18, 8, 2

B  2, 8, 18

C  2, 8, 18, 8, 5

D  2, 8, 18, 2

A  ignorance almost always makes them worse

B  they only affect poor, less affluent countries

C  social isolation never makes them go away

D  they usually end with very minimal loss of human life

A  parasites.

B  pathogens.

C  mutualistic.

D  commensals.

A  Needham did not cover his flasks after boiling the media

B  Needham covered his flasks with gauze after boiling the media

C  Spallanzani did not cover his flasks after boiling the media

D  Spallanzani covered his flasks with gauze before boiling

A  the flask could be heated media in order to prevent microbial growth.

B  the experimenter could look for contamination without disturbing theexperiment.

C  the flask had a glass barrier that prevented contamination.

D  the flask allowed fresh air to directly contact the medium

A  an infected host organism

B  a place the microbe resides during an infection.

C  the animal or object that transmits the infectious disease to humans

D  a place for the microbe to live before and after infection.

A  develop vaccines for specific diseases.

B  demonstrate that a disease is caused by a specific microorganism.

C  isolate microorganisms from diseased animals.

D  clearly identify and characterize a particular microorganism.

A  octet electrons

B  inert electrons

C  valence electrons

D  reactive electrons

A  transmitting infectious water droplets through the rain

B  transmitting infectious water droplets through sweating

C  more than one of the above is correct

D  transmitting infectious water droplets through sneezing

E  transmitting infectious water droplets through laughing

F  none of the above is correct

A  common source

B  partial

C  opportunistic

D  nosocomial

A  the number of protons in the outer valance shell

B  the number of neutrons in the outer valence shell

C  both A & B are correct

D  the number of electrons in the outer valence shell

E  none of the above

A  nosocomial route

B  prodromal route

C  respiratory membrane

D  parenteral route.

E  none of the above

A  number of incidences

B  number of prevalence

C  more than one of the above is correct

D  infection rate

E  death rate

F  none of the above is correct

A  Microorganisms can be generated for nonliving matter

B  nonliving matter gives rise to living organisms

C  living cells can only arise from preexisting living cells

D  oxygen is necessary for living organisms

A  epidemic.

B  pandemic.

C  endemic.

D  sporadic.

A  time

B  size

C  temperature

D  location

A  they can be detected before they outbreak into pandemics

B  they always are transmitted from the same vector

C  they often involve several animals before they transmit to humans

D  when humans are the final spill over recipient, the virulence increases