Lecture Exam 3

A  Increased blood volume

B  Increased sympathetic stimulation

C  Increased parasympathetic stimulation

D  Increased venous return

E  Increased activity of the skeletal muscle pump

A  Increase stroke volume

B  Decrease heart rate

C  Decrease stroke volume

D  Increase total peripheral resistance (TPR)

E  Increase heart rate

A  making the children sit on the toilet until they defecate at least once a day.

B  feeding the children foods with a high proportion of cellulose and other indigestible carbohydrates.

C  feeding the children foods with more lipid content.

D  avoiding foods that can lead to accumulation of toxins in feces.

E  avoiding milk, the children may be lactose intolerant.

A  The presence of fatty acids in the duodenum stimulates the secretion of gastrin, which in turn stimulates bile synthesis in the gallbladder.

B  The presence of fatty acids in the duodenum stimulates the secretion of CCK, which in turn stimulates secretion of pancreatic enzymes.

C  The presence of fatty acids in the stomach stimulates the secretion of secretin, whichinhibits motility of the large intestine.

D  The presence of fatty acids in the duodenum stimulates the secretion of secretin, which in turn stimulates contraction of the gallbladder.

E  The presence of fatty acids in the duodenum stimulates emptying of the stomach.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  CCK

B  Histamine, Gastrin and Acetylcholine

C  Histamine

D  Somatostatin

E  Gastrin

F  Acetylcholine

A  It is secreted by the endocrine pancreas.

B  It is produced in the exocrine pancreas, and catalyzes the degradation of chylomicrons into proteins and fats.

C  It is mainly produced in the liver, and secreted into the small intestine.

D  It emulsifies lipids.

E  It catalyzes the breakdown of triglycerides into monoglycerides and free fatty acids.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Carbohydrate digestion begins in the stomach.

B  Lactose intolerance results from an insufficiency of the enzyme amylase.

C  Cellulose from plants is a polymer of glucose that can be easily digested and absorbed by the human GI tract.

D  Sucrose is the main form of carbohydrate that can be absorbed by active transport across the intestinal epithelium.

E  Digestible polysaccharides are broken down into the monosaccharides glucose, galactose, and fructose, which can be absorbed.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  segmentation.

B  mass movement.

C  eccentric.

D  distension.

E  peristalsis.

A  glycogen.

B  hemochromatosis.

C  transferrin.

D  myoglobin.

E  ferritin.

A  Respiration is inhibited.

B  The glottis closes.

C  The lower esophageal sphincter relaxes.

D  The pyloric sphincter relaxes.

E  The upper esophageal sphincter relaxes.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  a specific antigen-binding site formed by heavy and light chains.

B  a hypervariable region of immunoglobulin DNA.

C  the heavy immunoglobulin chain only.

D  gamma immunoglobulin only.

E  the light immunoglobulin chain only.

A  They require a host cell in order to reproduce themselves.

B  They consist of a nucleic acid surrounded by a carbohydrate shell.

C  They may have genetic information in the form of RNA.

D  They may reside in a host cell for years without killing it.

E  They may cause a host cell to become cancerous.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Immediate hypersensitivity

B  Delayed hypersensitivity

C  Cytotoxic hypersensitivity

D  Immune-complex hypersensitivity

A  cytokines.

B  macrophages.

C  monocytes.

D  T cells.

E  memory cells.

A  An Rh-negative fetus may be at risk if its mother is Rh-positive.

B  A fetus with type B blood may be at risk if its mother has type O blood.

C  An Rh-positive fetus may be at risk if its mother is Rh-negative.

D  The greatest risk to a fetus occurs when both mother and fetus are Rh-positive.

E  The risk to anRh-positive fetus of an Rh-negative mother is lessened if she haspreviously carried anRh-negative fetus.

A  Type 2 interferons

B  Antibodies

C  Colony-stimulating factors

D  Type 1 interferons

E  Interleukin 2

A  The primary lymphoid organs are the bone marrow and thymus.

B  Once a lymphocyte reaches a secondary lymphoid organ, it remains there for its lifetime.

C  Large numbers of macrophages and lymphocytes are found in the lymph nodes and spleen.

D  The thymus secretes protein hormones, collectively called thymopoietins.

E  The tonsils contain lymphocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells that respond to microbes in food.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Metabolic acidosis

B  Increased blood P CO2

C  Respiratory alkalosis

D  Metabolic alkalosis

E  Respiratory acidosis

A  Breathing air with increased PCO2

B  Breathing carbon monoxide

C  Higher than normal arterial pH

D  Lower than normal arterial PCO2

E  Iron-deficiency anemia

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  As dissolved HCO 3 –

B  As carbonic anhydrase

C  AsH 2CO 3

D  Bound to hemoglobin

E  As dissolved CO 2

A  motor; contraction; increase

B  motor; contraction; decrease

C  sympathetic; contraction; increase

D  parasympathetic; contraction; decrease

E  sympathetic; relaxation; increase

A  Alveolar PO 2 increases.

B  Alveolar PO 2 decreases.

C  No change from sea level, as long as we breathe in the same volume of air.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Some backflow of blood into the left ventricle during ventricular diastole

B  Some backflow of blood into the aorta during ventricular ejection

C  Some backflow of blood into the aorta during ventricular diastole

D  Some backflow of blood into the left atrium during ventricular systole

E  Some backflow of blood into the left ventricle during ventricular ejection

A  More fluid than usual will flow out of the capillary based on the hydrostatic pressure.

B  More fluid than usual will flow out of the capillary based on the osmotic pressure.

C  Less fluid than usual will flow out of the capillary based on the hydrostatic pressure.

D  Less fluid than usual will flow out of the capillary based on the osmotic pressure.

A  Beta-adrenergic receptor antagonists

B  A drug that increases T-type Ca 2+ channel currents

C  Cholinergic antagonist

D  Alpha-adrenergic receptor agonists

E  A drug that increasesL-type Ca 2+ channel currents

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  the abdominal organs.

B  the skin.

C  the skeletal muscles

D  the brain.

E  the heart.

A  It involves aggregation of soluble fibrin fragments into fibrin.

B  Tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) is secreted by endothelial cells.

C  Activation of the reactions that lead to blood clotting ultimately lead to blood clot dissolution.

D  Plasminogen is an inactive precursor of the enzyme plasmin.

E  Blood clots are digested by plasmin.

A  Hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries

B  Heart rate

C  Total peripheral resistance

D  Cardiac output

E  Mean arterial pressure

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Dietary vitamin B12 deficiency

B  Dietary iron deficiency

C  Lung disease

D  Internal bleeding

E  Kidney disease

A  coronary vessels.

B  gap junctions.

C  desmosomes.

D  interneurons.

E  valves.