Chapters 1,2,3,4,5, 6 Exam

A  DNA

B  phenotype

C  smitosis

D  zygote

A  highly inadequate caregiving

B  low parental IQ

C  single parenting

D  the absence of siblings

A  did not develop an attachment to either surrogate.

B  clung to the soft terry-cloth surrogate.

C  usually developed an attachment to the wire-mesh surrogate.

D  developed an attachment to both surrogates.

A  child-rearing conditions; a child’s temperament

B  attachment quality; temperament

C  attachment quality; child-care experiences

D  a parent’s temperament; financial resources

A  is irregular in daily routines and tends to react negatively and intensely.

B  is inactive and shows mild, low-key reactions to environmental stimuli.

C  quickly establishes regular routines in infancy and adapts easily to new experiences.

D  is generally cheerful and is slow to accept new experiences.

A  quickness and intensity of emotional arousal, attention, and motor activity.

B  early-appearing, stable individual differences in reactivity and self-regulation.

C  the strategies we use to adjust our emotional state to a comfortable level of intensity.

D  emotions that involve injury to or enhancement of our sense of self.

A  does not emerge until the preschool years.

B  involves actively seeking emotional information from a trusted person.

C  involves the use of strategies to adjust an emotional state to a comfortable level of intensity.

D  is a built-in, automatic process that governs emotional response.

A  shame, doubt, and surprise

B  embarrassment, pride, and interest

C  guilt, shame, and pride

D  envy, happiness, and disgust

A  They should be unresponsive when Beckham eats fruit.

B  They should eat a lot of fruit and smile and say, “Yummy!” when Beckham eats fruit.

C  They should slowly nod when Beckham eats fruit.

D  They should frown when Beckham does not eat fruit.

A  looks at his mother’s facial expression before touching an unfamiliar toy.

B  prefers one parent over the other.

C  screams with anger when he cannot reach a desired toy.

D  cries when picked up by an unfamiliar adult.

A  tries to comfort his mother when she is sad.

B  sleeps longer than most infants.

C  produces low levels of the stress hormone cortisol.

D  shows delays in motor and mental development.

A  The U.S. Congress recently recognized the successes of early intervention and now fully funds all programs directed at low-income infants and toddlers.

B  Early intervention programs increase intelligence test scores during the school years, but the gains are not sustained beyond middle childhood.

C  Even with early intervention, most children born into economically disadvantaged families will not reach their full potential.

D  The earlier intervention begins, the longer it lasts, and the greater its scope and intensity, the better participants’ performance is throughout childhood and adolescence.

A  provide an unstructured and chaotic physical setting

B  talk to their infants and toddlers

C  engage their children in physical activity

D  take part in coloring with crayons with their children

A  long-term memory does not emerge until around age 7.

B  early memories are stored in an explicit memory system that is difficult to recall.

C  they cannot translate early preverbal memories into language.

D  they have most likely forgotten these early memories due to the passage of time.

A  Recognition; recall

B  Recall; recognition

C  The sensory register; working memory

D  Habituation; recovery

A  Executive functions

B  Permanent functions

C  Automatic processes

D  Sensory processes

A  the primary circular reaction.

B  object permanence.

C  mental representation.

D  reflexive schemes.

A  organize; adapt

B  organize; assimilate

C  assimilate; accommodate

D  accommodate; organize

A  tying their shoes

B  grasping

C  crawling

D  scribbling

A  kwashiorkor.

B  marasmus.

C  iron-deficiency anemia.

D  nonorganic failure to thrive.

A  usually strikes after weaning.

B  is caused by an unbalanced diet very low in protein.

C  is common in regions of the world where children get just enough calories from starchy foods.

D  is caused by a diet low in all essential nutrients.

A  Give Angus foods containing saturated fats.

B  Avoid giving Angus foods loaded with salt and sugar.

C  Cut back on Angus’s protein throughout infancy and toddlerhood.

D  Give Angus formula the first six months.

A  born later.

B  more irritable during the first three years.

C  less irritable during the first three months.

D  heavier and longer at birth.

A  FAS babies catch up to agemates in physical size when provided with an enriched diet.

B  effects are caused by interfering with production of neurons in the neural tube and also cause many facial deformities.

C  the impairments caused by heavy, regular alcohol use during pregnancy are reversible.

D  all fetuses are equally vulnerable to the damaging effects of prenatal alcohol exposure.

A  below average intelligence

B  higher mental test scores

C  deformities of the arms and legs

D  both a and c

A  Heroin

B  Prescription drug use

C  Cocaine

D  Marijuana

A  Smaller doses over shorter time periods have more negative effects.

B  Any environmental agent that causes damage during the prenatal period is a teratogen.

C  Teratogens have an equal impact on fetal development during each prenatal period.

D  The harm done by teratogens is simple and straightforward.

A  occurs sometime between 18 and 21 weeks.

B  is the point at which the baby can be born without being premature.

C  occurs sometime during the second trimester of pregnancy.

D  is the point at which the baby can first survive if born early.

A  nervous system and skin.

B  digestive system, lungs, and urinary tract.

C  muscles and skeleton.

D  brain and central nervous system.

A  will become the structures that provide protective covering and nourishment.

B  develops into the nervous system and spinal cord.

C  grows slowly at first.

D  swells to form the brain.

A  is the prenatal period during which the groundwork is laid for all body structures and organs.

B  lasts about two weeks.

C  is the longest prenatal period.

D  lasts from implantation through the eighth week of pregnancy.

A  uterus.

B  fallopian tubes.

C  ovaries.

D  cervix.

A  Down

B  Turner

C  Klinefelter

D  XYY

A  require frequent blood transfusions

B  require hormone therapy

C  need regular injections of insulin

D  have to be placed on a diet low in amino acid (protein)

A  a carrier.

B  recessive.

C  dominant.

D  dominant–recessive.

A  gamete

B  allele

C  zygote

D  autosome

A  halves the number of chromosomes normally present in the body cells.

B  results in dizygotic twins.

C  permits the chromosomes to copy themselves.

D  doubles the number of chromosomes normally present in the body cells.

A  phenotypes

B  gametes

C  alleles

D  autosomes

A  genotypes

B  chromosomes

C  cells

D  phenotypes

A  phenotype

B  genotype

C  chromosome

D  karyotype

A  phenotypes.

B  genotypes.

C  chromosomes.

D  alleles.

A  concrete operational

B  sensorimotor

C  preoperational

D  formal operational

A  sensorimotor

B  formal operational

C  preoperational

D  concrete operational

A  imprinting on a mother-fugure during the critical period.

B  reinforcing good behavior and punishing bad behavior.

C  pairing a neutral stimulus with a reflexive response to create a conditioned behavior.

D  cooperative diaglogues with adults and more expert peers.

A  modeling.

B  classical conditioning.

C  punishment.

D  reinforcement.

A  viewed children as taking a more active role in their own development.

B  primarily focused on the importance of early life experiences.

C  minimized the role of culture in individual development.

D  pointed out that normal development must be understood in relation to each culture’s life situation.

A  actively explore the environment.

B  model the behavior of parents and other caregivers.

C  acquire increasingly complex information-processing skills.

D  confront conflicts between biological drives and social expectations.