Exam 1

A  sociobiology

B  sociobiology and heredity

C  heredity

D  the media

A  females being suspected less for criminal behavior

B  females being suspected less for criminal behavior and male police officer who are respectful of delinquent women

C  male police officer who are respectful of delinquent women

D  females being treated with more leniency by police

A  maturation hypothesis

B  gender gap hypothesis

C  liberation hypothesis

D  frustration hypothesis

A  indirect aggression

B  social aggression

C  physical aggression

D  relational aggression

A  their relations with others

B  their academic abilities

C  their appearance

D  their athletic abilities

A  deterrence theory

B  rational choice theory

C  deterrence and rational theory

D  feminist theory

A  individuals who are still in school from committing delinquent acts

B  an individual from committing similar acts in the future

C  others from committing similar acts

D  all of the above apply

A  the responsibility is on both the individual and society

B  the responsibility of such choices can be blamed on society

C  the responsibility for such choices can never be fully understood

D  the responsibility and accountability is directly on him/her

A  delinquency during adolescence but do not go on to commit more crimes as adults

B  antisocial behaviors at an early age and persist through their entire life

C  criminal behaviors due to mental illness not detected in infancy

D  criminal behaviors throughout their adult years but were never delinquent as teens

A  programs that are focused on education

B  children who are overly anxious about crime

C  real-life delinquent activities as fun and entertaining

D  portraying delinquents as dangerous threats to social order

A  religiosity

B  personal health

C  level of educational attainment

D  the youth’s relative position among other teenagers

A  departs from more established and accepted criminological theories

B  conforms to the more accepted criminological theories

C  is no longer important

D  is accepted by all sociologists as a valid explanation of delinquency

A  view that delinquents eventually outgrow their deviancy and conform to the values of society

B  notion of a developmental process that precedes the attainment of a deviant or delinquent identity and career

C  suggestion that there is a difference between a deviant identity and deviant career

D  idea that people from the same environment are motivated by different factors

A  deviance cannot be seen

B  deviance is the same to all

C  deviance really does not exist

D  deviance, like beauty, exists in the eyes of the beholder

A  when a deviant act is instigated by the parent

B  when an individual may commit a deviant act (or several deviant acts but does not internalize the deviant self-concept and continues to occupy the role of conformist

C  when an individual’s self-concept is altered and the deviant role is personally assumed

D  when the deviant act is committed by a person under the age of ten

A  inadequate medical care in prison

B  solitary confinement

C  special privileges should be given to special prisoners

D  the greater evil lies in the societal treatment, not in the original act

A  the type of prison used to incarcerate convicted felons

B  the privileges given to incarcerated individuals

C  the type of treatment used to incarcerate those convicted of misdemeanors

D  the treatment of the offender that makes a hardened criminal out of the accidental or occasional one

A  causing a variety of activities

B  relative unimportance

C  a catalyst for eliciting future behavior of the prescribed kind

D  having no effect on future behavior

A  situations are defined differently

B  no situation is ever the same

C  situations can cause serious consequences

D  when people define a situation as real, it becomes real in its consequences

A  only social status

B  only social roles

C  only social expectations

D  social status, social roles, and social expectations

A  were not interested in delinquency

B  rejected the notion that delinquency is an inherent potentiality in all human beings

C  accepted the idea that delinquency is an inherent potentiality in all human beings

D  supported the social control theorists’ explanations of juvenile delinquency

A  They have a great deal of remorse

B  They have strong social bonds

C  They have relatively weak social bonds and consequently feel little remorse for violations of generally accepted social standards

D  They have absolutely no social bonds

A  occasionally free to “drift”

B  locked into a particular situation

C  an immoral person

D  unchanging

A  appeal to higher loyalties

B  denial of responsibility

C  condemning the condemner

D  denial of harm

A  does not vary among individuals

B  cannot be applied to juveniles

C  applies only to juveniles

D  represents the ability of a person to resist temptations

A  pride and self-worth

B  alienation and frustration

C  mental conflict and anxiety

D  membership in a street gang or participation in a criminal subculture

A  they have a strong religious background

B  they have been rewarded for doing so

C  they come from a wealthy background

D  come from a hard-working background

A  are ignored by most youth

B  have no effect on females

C  can become viable role models for some youngsters

D  have no effect on juveniles

A  slips into juvenile delinquency

B  will become a ward of the state

C  loses interest in society

D  can never become a law-abiding citizen

A  crystallization

B  socialization

C  characterization

D  politicization

A  Korean

B  Cambodian

C  Chinese

D  Japanese

A  in areas adjacent to the central business district and to heavy industrial areas

B  in the rural outreaches of the city

C  in jail

D  in the suburbs

A  uniform throughout the population

B  really not that important

C  not uniform throughout the population

D  not identifiable

A  crime-oriented gang

B  rebellion-oriented gang

C  conflict-oriented gang

D  retreatist-oriented gang

A  the behavior of lower class juveniles

B  middle class juveniles

C  average boys.

D  abused children

A  retreatism

B  centralism

C  rebellion

D  ritualism

A  conformity

B  ritualism

C  retreatism

D  innovation

A  arrest rates

B  prevailing social conditions

C  economic status

D  local government

A  people will reach out to social institutions such as the family and religion in order to regain a sense of stability

B  the police and military must then take over in order to preserve social stability

C  the rules that restrain us from socially unacceptable acts can become weak or suspended

D  suicide rates drop dramatically

A  prefer not to comment on the causes of juvenile delinquency

B  neglect the causes of juvenile delinquency

C  are unanimous in pinpointing the exact causes of juvenile delinquency

D  are not unanimous in pinpointing the exact causes of juvenile delinquency

A  adults, adolescents, children and juveniles

B  conduct disorder , diagnosis , and the later stages

C  bullies, victims, and interlopers

D  normal childhood behavior and boys will be boys

A  deviant behavior

B  social indifference

C  normal behavior

D  personality

A  accepted by most criminologists

B  subjected to intense scrutiny and criticism by subsequent investigators

C  totally ignored

D  adopted by all foreign scholars as definitive conclusions concerning the cause of criminal behavior

A  jam up the court system so much that most juvenile offenders would be adults before their case was heard in court

B  only further encourage juveniles to break the law, as well as to hide their behavior better

C  result in the elimination of the Juvenile court system altogether

D  not only encourage the reformation of offenders, but discourage criminality in the general populace

A  victims really do not care to answer the questions

B  victims are the only source of information

C  victims have never filed any police complaint

D  victims distrust surveys

A  divert the matter away from the court system

B  dismiss the case

C  let the parents handle the case

D  send the juvenile directly to juvenile detention or foster care

A  only because of their seriousness

B  because of their seriousness, frequency of occurrence, and likelihood of being reported to the police

C  only because of the likelihood of being reported to the police

D  only because of the frequency of occurrence

A  the average person believes it

B  it produces results

C  it yields the same results upon repetition of the measuring procedure or repetition by other investigators

D  it in fact measures whatever it is supposed to measure

A  negative norms

B  proscriptive norms

C  prescriptive norms

D  outdated

A  are prohibited for juveniles

B  are not illegal when done by adults

C  are referred to as status offenses

D  all of the above