Lecture Exam 1(C)

A  Ribosomes

B  Mitochondria

C  Lysosomes

D  Peroxisomes

E  Endosomes

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Golgi apparatus.

B  mitochondria.

C  plasma membrane.

D  endoplasmic reticulum.

A  Digestion of engulfed bacteria and using oxygen to generate ATP

B  Modifying proteins synthesized on ribosomes associated with granular endoplasmic reticulum and allowing the distribution of modified proteins throughout the cell in vesicles

C  Modifying proteins synthesized on free ribosomes and storing calcium ions

D  Synthesizing lipids and intracellular storage of calcium ions

E  Modifying proteins synthesized on free ribosomes and allowing the distribution of modified proteins throughout the cell in vesicles

A  only allow ions to move from the intracellular fluid out of the cell.

B  are not affected by differences in electrical potential across the membrane.

C  may open in response to binding a ligand.

D  are nonspecific.

E  only allow ions to move from the extracellular fluid into the cell.

A  It has opposite electrical charge at each end.

B  It is ionized.

C  It has no net electrical charge.

D  It is covalent.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  are catalysts in chemical reactions.

B  can be carbohydrate molecules.

C  are polymers of ATP that store large amounts of energy.

D  are broken down during chemical reactions they catalyze.

E  have names generally ending in the suffix “-ose.”

A  400 mM urea

B  100 mM NaCl

C  200 mM NaCl

D  100 mM MgCl 2

E  300 mM glucose

A  is a measure of the concentration of free hydrogen ions in the solution.

B  is a measure of the concentration of hydrogen atoms in the solution.

C  is a measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions bound to other molecules in the solution.

D  increases as the free hydrogen ion concentration in the solution increases.

E  increases as the acidity of the solution increases.

A  Primary active transport

B  Simple diffusion

C  Facilitated diffusion

D  None of these can occur without the direct use of ATP

E  Secondary active transport

A  is called translation of the message.

B  requires an RNA polymerase

C  produces an RNA transcript

D  is called transcription of the message.

E  occurs in the cytoplasm.

F  requires DNA polymerase.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  unipolar.

B  amphipathic.

C  bipolar.

D  hydrophilic.

E  hydrophobic.

A  Transcribing a signal sequence onto proteins destined for secretion

B  Addition of carbohydrate groups to proteins

C  Packaging enzymes destined for lysosomes

D  Modifying proteins destined for secretion

E  Sorting of proteins destined for various locations in the cell

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  It is an amphipathic molecule.

B  It is a polar molecule.

C  It is a nonpolar molecule.

A  The number of bonds it can form

B  The number of electrons

C  The number of protons

D  The ratio of protons to electrons

E  The number of neutrons

A  It is the main mechanism fortransportinghydrophobic molecules across membranes.

B  There is no limit to how fast it can occur as the concentration gradient becomes larger.

C  It involves a specific membrane protein that functions as a carrier molecule.

D  It always involves the movement of substances against a concentration gradient.

E  It is always directly coupled to the splitting of ATP molecules.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Peripheral membrane proteins function as channels associated with transport of ions through the membrane.

B  The phospholipid bilayer is arranged so that the hydrophilic heads of the phospholipid molecule face the extra- and intracellular fluids.

C  Some proteins integrated into the membrane serve as channels for the passage of nonpolar molecules through the membrane.

D  Cholesterol molecules function to transport ions from one side of the plasma membrane to the other.

E  The plasma membrane is a layer of phospholipid molecules with their hyrophilic head groups in contact with the extracellular solution and the hydrophobic tail groups in contact with the intracellular solution.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Oxygen and gases used by metabolism

B  Ionic forms of mineral elements

C  Vitamins

D  Lipids that form the membranes of cells

E  Sugars that were broken down for energy

A  Solutes

B  Water

C  Glucose

D  Lipid molecules

E  Charged particles

A  No effect on blood glucose level

B  Increase blood glucose level

C  Decrease blood glucose level

A  Lysosome

B  Rough endoplasmic reticulum

C  Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

D  Golgi apparatus

E  Mitochondrion

A  Hypertonic solutions are always hyperosmotic.

B  The term “osmolarity” refers to the osmotic properties of a solution, regardless of its tonicity.

C  Isotonic solutions are always isoosmotic.

D  The term “tonicity” refers to the effect that a solution has on the degree of stretch or shrinking of the cell membrane.

E  Hypoosmotic solutions are always hypotonic.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  triacylglycerol.

B  protein.

C  cellulose.

D  glycogen.

E  starch.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Pinocytosis

B  Secondary active transport

C  Receptor-mediated endocytosis

D  Exocytosis

E  Primary active transport

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Primary

B  Secondary

C  Quaternary

D  Tertiary

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Krebs cycle

B  Oxidative phosphorylation

C  The breakdown of fatty acids to CO 2 and H 2O

D  None of the choices are correct.

E  Glycolysis

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Generation of ATP

B  Synthesis of lipids and intracellular storage of calcium ions

C  Transcription of DNA into RNA

D  Synthesis and packaging of proteins for secretion from the cell or export to other organelles

E  Digestion of engulfed bacteria and cellular debris

A  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 5′ UTR, a 3’UTR and then the coding sequence

B  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 5′ UTR, a coding sequence and then a 3’UTR

C  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 3′ UTR, a coding sequence and then a 5’UTR

D  It starts with a UTR sequence, then is followed by a promoter and then the coding sequence

A  It is expressed only on select cell types

B  The Na +/K + pump is an example of counter transport.

C  The Na +/K + pump creates an electrical disequilibrium.

D  The Na +/K + pump directly uses ATP

E  The Na +/K + pump creates chemical disequilibrium.

A  produce pyruvate and lactate as end products.

B  take place only when no oxygen is present.

C  generate ATP and the electron carrier NADH

D  take place in the cytosol of human cells.

E  generate ATP and electron carriers NADH and FADH2

A  The result can’t be predicted

B  It will stay the same size.

C  It will shrink in size.

D  It will swell in size.

A  By phosphorylating a reactant

B  By decreasing the energy of activation

C  By acting as one of the reactant molecules

D  By increasing the temperature of a solution

E  By increasing the energy content of the product molecules

A  Active transport

B  Pinocytosis

C  Hyperosmotic vesicular entrapment

D  Hydrosmosis

E  Phagocytosis

A  Covalent bonds between purine and pyrimidine bases

B  Ionic bonds

C  Bonds between two cysteine amino acids

D  Hydrogen bonds

E  Van der Waals forces

A  Synthesizing lipids

B  Dividing by mitosis

C  Manufacturing ribosomes

D  Breaking down carbohydrates

E  Making ATP

A  diffusion using a pump.

B  active transport.

C  diffusion through a channel.

D  simple diffusion.

A  monopeptide

B  peptide

C  polypeptide

D  dipeptide

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Inhibition

B  Accommodation

C  Saturation

D  Acclimatization

E  Specificity

A  They have different numbers of neutrons.

B  They have different number of energy shells

C  They have different numbers of protons.

D  They can form different numbers of chemical bonds.

E  They have different numbers of electrons.

A  2

B  6

C  8

D  1

E  4

A  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell decrease to 0.5 millimolar.

B  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 5 millimolar.

C  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 1 millimolar.

D  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell swell.

E  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell shrink.

A  It is important for cellular movement.

B  It includes actin filaments.

C  It helps to determine a cell’s shape.

D  It refers to the cellular components of bone.

E  It refers to a network of cytoplasmic filaments.

A  Providing genetic information

B  Storing calcium ions

C  Regulating the passage of molecules into and out of the cell

D  Generating ATP

E  Storing organic chemicals for metabolism