Lecture Exam 1(B)

A  only allow ions to move from the extracellular fluid into the cell.

B  are not affected by differences in electrical potential across the membrane.

C  only allow ions to move from the intracellular fluid out of the cell.

D  are nonspecific.

E  may open in response to binding a ligand.

A  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell decrease to 0.5 millimolar.

B  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell swell.

C  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell shrink.

D  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 5 millimolar.

E  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 1 millimolar.

A  Covalent bonds between purine and pyrimidine bases

B  Bonds between two cysteine amino acids

C  Hydrogen bonds

D  Van der Waals forces

E  Ionic bonds

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  8

B  6

C  4

D  2

E  1

A  simple diffusion.

B  active transport.

C  diffusion using a pump.

D  diffusion through a channel.

A  Phospholipids

B  Monosaccharides

C  Cholesterol

D  Nucleotides

E  Amino acids

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Addition of carbohydrate groups to proteins

B  Sorting of proteins destined for various locations in the cell

C  Transcribing a signal sequence onto proteins destined for secretion

D  Modifying proteins destined for secretion

E  Packaging enzymes destined for lysosomes

A  mitochondria

B  endosomes

C  ribosomes

D  lysosomes

E  peroxisomes

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  saturated fat

B  monounsaturated fat

C  unsaturated fat

D  polyunsaturated fat

A  Saturation

B  Specificity

C  Accommodation

D  Acclimatization

E  Inhibition

A  It does not occur in the presence of O 2.

B  It does not occur in the absence of O2.

C  It may result in the formation of two molecules of lactate for each molecule of glucose.

D  It is a metabolic reaction in which glucose is manufactured from large carbohydrates like glycogen.

E  It is a series of metabolic reactions that occur mainly inside the inner membrane of a mitochondrion.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  monosaccharide

B  polysaccharide

C  saccharide

D  disaccharide

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  300 mM glucose

B  100 mM NaCl

C  100 mM MgCl 2

D  200 mM NaCl

E  400 mM urea

A  Ion

B  Polar

C  Atom

D  Lipophilic

E  Molecule

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  monopeptide

B  peptide

C  polypeptide

D  dipeptide

A  Substance X and Substance Y will diffuse at the same rate, as they are of equal size and concentration.

B  Substance Y will diffuse faster.

C  Substance X will diffuse faster.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  It is important for cellular movement.

B  It refers to a network of cytoplasmic filaments.

C  It refers to the cellular components of bone.

D  It includes actin filaments.

E  It helps to determine a cell’s shape.

A  The term “osmolarity” refers to the osmotic properties of a solution, regardless of its tonicity.

B  The term “tonicity” refers to the effect that a solution has on the degree of stretch or shrinking of the cell membrane.

C  Hypoosmotic solutions are always hypotonic.

D  Hypertonic solutions are always hyperosmotic.

E  Isotonic solutions are always isoosmotic.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  The Na +/K + pump is an example of counter transport.

B  The Na +/K + pump directly uses ATP

C  It is expressed only on select cell types

D  The Na +/K + pump creates an electrical disequilibrium.

E  The Na +/K + pump creates chemical disequilibrium.

A  A free radical

B  A cation

C  A new element

D  A covalent molecule

E  An anion

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 3′ UTR, a coding sequence and then a 5’UTR

B  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 5′ UTR, a 3’UTR and then the coding sequence

C  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 5′ UTR, a coding sequence and then a 3’UTR

D  It starts with a UTR sequence, then is followed by a promoter and then the coding sequence

A  increases as the acidity of the solution increases.

B  is a measure of the concentration of hydrogen atoms in the solution.

C  increases as the free hydrogen ion concentration in the solution increases.

D  is a measure of the concentration of free hydrogen ions in the solution.

E  is a measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions bound to other molecules in the solution.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Krebs cycle

B  None of the choices are correct.

C  Glycolysis

D  Oxidative phosphorylation

E  The breakdown of fatty acids to CO 2 and H 2O

A  Storing calcium ions

B  Regulating the passage of molecules into and out of the cell

C  Providing genetic information

D  Generating ATP

E  Storing organic chemicals for metabolism

A  It involves a specific membrane protein that functions as a carrier molecule.

B  It is the main mechanism fortransportinghydrophobic molecules across membranes.

C  It always involves the movement of substances against a concentration gradient.

D  There is no limit to how fast it can occur as the concentration gradient becomes larger.

E  It is always directly coupled to the splitting of ATP molecules.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  unipolar.

B  amphipathic.

C  hydrophilic.

D  bipolar.

E  hydrophobic.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Some proteins integrated into the membrane serve as channels for the passage of nonpolar molecules through the membrane.

B  Cholesterol molecules function to transport ions from one side of the plasma membrane to the other.

C  Peripheral membrane proteins function as channels associated with transport of ions through the membrane.

D  The phospholipid bilayer is arranged so that the hydrophilic heads of the phospholipid molecule face the extra- and intracellular fluids.

E  The plasma membrane is a layer of phospholipid molecules with their hyrophilic head groups in contact with the extracellular solution and the hydrophobic tail groups in contact with the intracellular solution.

A  Secondary active transport

B  Simple diffusion

C  Facilitated diffusion

D  None of these can occur without the direct use of ATP

E  Primary active transport

A  It has opposite electrical charge at each end.

B  It has no net electrical charge.

C  It is covalent.

D  It is ionized.

A  are catalysts in chemical reactions.

B  can be carbohydrate molecules.

C  are broken down during chemical reactions they catalyze.

D  are polymers of ATP that store large amounts of energy.

E  have names generally ending in the suffix “-ose.”

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  glycogen.

B  protein.

C  starch.

D  cellulose.

E  triacylglycerol.

A  take place only when no oxygen is present.

B  take place in the cytosol of human cells.

C  generate ATP and electron carriers NADH and FADH2

D  generate ATP and the electron carrier NADH

E  produce pyruvate and lactate as end products.

A  The number of protons

B  The number of bonds it can form

C  The ratio of protons to electrons

D  The number of neutrons

E  The number of electrons

A  a molecule with less total energy content than ADP.

B  used to transfer energy within a cell.

C  formed during the hydrolysis of ADP.

D  a protein.

E  used by cells for the storage of energy.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Generation of ATP

B  Synthesis and packaging of proteins for secretion from the cell or export to other organelles

C  Transcription of DNA into RNA

D  Digestion of engulfed bacteria and cellular debris

E  Synthesis of lipids and intracellular storage of calcium ions

A  By decreasing the energy of activation

B  By phosphorylating a reactant

C  By increasing the temperature of a solution

D  By increasing the energy content of the product molecules

E  By acting as one of the reactant molecules

A  It is a polar molecule.

B  It is an amphipathic molecule.

C  It is a nonpolar molecule.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Glucose

B  Solutes

C  Water

D  Charged particles

E  Lipid molecules

A  It will swell in size.

B  The result can’t be predicted

C  It will shrink in size.

D  It will stay the same size.

A  Secondary

B  Tertiary

C  Primary

D  Quaternary

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  is called transcription of the message.

B  produces an RNA transcript

C  is called translation of the message.

D  requires an RNA polymerase

E  occurs in the cytoplasm.

F  requires DNA polymerase.