Chapter Test 1 – Learning

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Question #1

Which of the following elements of conditioned learning is NOT strongly influenced by our genes?

A primary reinforcers

B instinctive drift

C prepared learning

D transmission of culture

Question #2

Which of the following is NOT one of the four processes that Bandura’s social learning theory suggests is required for observational learning to take place?

A reinforcement

B participation

C motor reproductiomn

D attention

E retention

Question #3

Consider the following two statements and decide whether either or both of them is an accurate description of latent learning.
1. The existence of latent learning contradicts the principle that all learning occurs through reinforced behaviors.
2. Latent learning is a mechanism underlying superstitious conditioning.

A Only Statement 1 is correct.

B Neither Statement 1 or 2 is correct.

C Both Statements 1 and 2 are correct.

D Only Statement 2 is correct.

Question #4

A variable ratio reinforcement schedule would lead to ________ learning and ________ extinction.

A slow; rapid

B rapid; rapid

C slow; slow

D rapid; slow

Question #5

Complete the following analogy with the appropriate term: Consequent is to operant conditioning as ________ is to classical conditioning.

A the conditioned response

B the unconditioned stimulus

C the unconditioned response

D the conditioned stimulus

Question #6

In order to encourage himself to finish studying, Winston tells himself that he can’t go for his nightly run until he has read two more chapters of his textbook. What is this strategy also known as?

A negative reinforcement

B the Premack principle

C the law of effect

D positive punishment

Question #7

Which of the following statements best describes the difference between positive and negative consequents?

A A negative consequent involves giving someone something, while a positive consequent involves taking something away from someone.

B A negative consequent decreases the likelihood of a behavior, while positive consequent increases the likelihood of a behavior.

C A positive consequent involves giving someone something, while a negative consequent involves taking something away from someone.

D A positive consequent decreases the likelihood of a behavior, while negative consequent increases the likelihood of a behavior.

Question #8

Losing points on a paper because it has too many instances of sloppy writing errors (e.g., misspellings and run-on sentences) would be considered _________, as long as it leads you to reduce the frequency of these errors in the future.

A positive reinforcement

B negative punishment

C positive punishment

D negative reinforcement

Question #9

Which of the following is NOT one of the ABCs of operant conditioning?

A consequences

B affect

C antecedents

D behavior

Question #10

In the middle of a cross-country flight, Otis begins to feel nauseated. Due to preparedness, what is Otis most likely to believe caused his nausea?

A the change in altitude

B his fear of flying

C the sound of the engines

D the snacks he had eaten

Question #11

Germaine, who has schizophrenia, often forms connections between events that have no basis in reality and has a hard time learning when something has truly caused something else. Which of the following aspects of classical conditioning is most likely impaired for Germaine?

A discrimination

B extinction

C generalization

D blocking

Question #12

After viewing a TV episode in which a young girl is bitten by a dog, Allie is now terrified of dogs both in real life and on TV. This is best understood as an example of?

A generalization

B vicarious conditioning

C discrimination

D acquisition

Question #13

When an organism learns to ignore a stimulus similar to a CS, while still responding to the CS, this is an example of?

A Discrimination

B Extinction

C Generalization

D Habituation

Question #14

Consider the following two statements and decide whether either or both are correct.
1. Classical conditioning is an active form of learning, while operant conditioning is a passive form of learning.
2. Classical conditioning involves voluntary responses, while operant conditioning involves involuntary responses.

A Both Statements 1 and 2 are correct.

B Only Statement 1 is correct.

C Only Statement 2 is correct.

D Both statements 1 and 2 are incorrect.

Question #15

During a check-up, Randy’s pediatrician hits his kneecap with a rubber mallet to test his reflexes. Immediately afterwards, the bottom half of his leg naturally swings outward without his conscious control. In this example, what is Randy’s leg movement best described as?

A the conditioned stimulus

B the unconditioned stimulus

C the unconditioned response

D the conditioned response

Question #16

Which of the following accurately describes the difference between non-associative and associative learning?

A Non-associative learning involves increased or decreased sensitivity to one stimulus, while associative learning involves forming connections between stimuli and responses.

B Non-associative learning primarily occurs in the central nervous system, while associative learning primarily occurs in the peripheral nervous system.

C Non-associative learning is only observed in humans and advanced primates, while associative learning can be observed in nearly any species.

D Non-associative learning tends to occur consciously, while associative learning tends to occur unconsciously.

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Chapter Test 1 – Learning

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