Navigation » List of Schools » West Los Angeles College » Physiology » Physiology 101 – Introduction to Human Physiology » Fall 2020 » Lecture Exam 2
Below are the questions for the exam with the choices of answers:
Question #1
A Conversion of the energy of a stimulus into a pattern of electrical activity
B Information from sensory receptorsreaches the cerebral cortex and the person becomes aware of it
C A decrease in receptor sensitivity despite continuation of a stimulus
D A depolarization of receptive membrane that increase in magnitude as the stimulus intensity increases
E Persistence of the sensation of a limb even after it has been severed from the body
Question #2
A TRUE
B FALSE
Question #3
A somatic, catalyst
B horizontal, inner
C bipolar, ganglion
Question #4
A lens
B iris
C ciliary muscle
D retina
E cornea
Question #5
A controls thirst, urine output, and food intake.
B plays a role in emotional and behavioral patterns.
C inhibits muscle tone throughout the body.
D secretes hormones
E functions as the body’s thermostat
F is a relay station for sensory input on its way to the cerebral cortex.
Question #6
A TRUE
B FALSE
Question #7
A is where action potentials are first generated.
B is found in the soma of the neuron
C contains voltage-gated channels.
D contains ligand-gated channels
E is located in the axon hillock.
Question #8
A They make synapses on effector organs in the PNS.
B They deliver synaptic input on other neurons.
C They receive synaptic input from other neurons in the CNS.
D They sum excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs.
E They can transmit information between afferent neurons and efferent neurons.
Question #9
A anterior spinothalmic tract
B the posterior column
C spinocerebellar tract
D lateral corticospinal tract
E medial leminscus tract
Question #10
A primary visual cortex
B olfactory bulb
C amygdala.
D cingulate gyrus.
E mammillary body.
F hippocampus.
Question #11
A FALSE
B TRUE
Question #12
A displacement of the round window, which dissipates pressure in the cochlea.
B movement of the tectorial membrane relative to the vestibular
C movement of the basilar membrane relative to the tectorial.
D increased fluid pressure against the cochlear duct by the fluid of the scala vestibuli
E the hairs of the receptor cells of the Organ of Corti to be bent
Question #13
A Occipital lobe association area
B Somatosensory cortex
C Primary Auditory cortex
D Parietal lobe association area
E Primary Visual cortex
Question #14
A both afferent neurons converge on the same interneuron.
B both pens are activating the same receptor.
C both sensations are grouped together in the somatosensory cortex.
D the receptors in both skin areas utilize the same afferent neuron.
Question #15
A cause a change in membrane potential.
B trigger an excitatory postsynaptic potential.
C trigger an action potential.
D be conducted to the axon hillock.
E depolarize a dendrite.
Question #16
A It maintains a concentration gradient for K + such that diffusion forces favor movement of K + into the cell.
B It pumps 3 Na + ions into the cell for every 2 K + ions it pumps out.
C It maintains an electrical gradient at the equilibrium potential of K +.
D It transports equal numbers of sodium and potassium ions with each pump cycle.
E It generates a small electrical potential such that the inside of a neuron is made negative with respect to the outside.
Question #17
A the ventral root contains axons of afferent, sensory neurons
B the dorsal root conducts motor information
C spinal nerves are for the conduction of motor information only
D afferent, sensory neurons are unipolar neurons with cell bodies located in the dorsal root ganglion
Question #18
A The repolarization phase of the action potential
B The depolarization phase of the action potential
C The exocytosis of neurotransmitter
D The graded potential
E All of these will not occur
Question #19
A relay messages from the brain down to the spinal cord to efferent neurons.
B transmit signals derived from afferent receptors up the spinal cord to the brain.
C are part of the peripheral nervous system.
D carry impulses from the CNS to the periphery.
E carry impulses from the periphery to the CNS.
Question #20
A more positive than the equilibrium potential for sodium.
B equal to the equilibrium potential for sodium.
C more positive than the equilibrium potential for potassium.
D equal to the equilibrium potential for potassium.
E slightly more negative than the equilibrium potential of potassium ion.
Question #21
A Retraction
B Deflection
C Refraction
D Reflection
Question #22
A activation of her sympathetic nerves causes sudden contraction of her ciliary muscles.
B activation of her sympathetic nerves inhibits contraction of her ciliary muscles.
C activation of her parasympathetic nerves causes sudden contraction of her ciliary muscles.
D activation of her parasympathetic nerves inhibits contraction of her ciliary muscles.
E she suddenly develops presbyopia.
Question #23
A chemoreceptor
B photoreceptor
C thermoreceptor
D mechanoreceptor
Question #24
A photoreceptor
B nociceptor
C chemoreceptor
D thermoreceptor
Question #25
A chemoreceptor
B mechanoreceptor
C thermoreceptor
D nociceptor
Question #26
A nociceptor
B thermoreceptor
C chemoreceptor
D photoreceptor
Question #27
A photoreceptor
B thermoreceptor
C mechanoreceptor
D chemoreceptor
Question #28
A nociceptor
B thermoreceptor
C chemoreceptor
D photoreceptor
Question #29
A chemoreceptor
B thermoreceptor
C photoreceptor
D nociceptor
Question #30
A Mitochondria
B Pineal gland
C Hypothalamus
D Pituitary gland
Question #31
A stabilizes the membrane to remain at its resting potential.
B is a direct result of the opening of voltage-gated channels permeable to Na + ions in the post-synaptic cell
C occurs when voltage-gated Cl- channels open in a postsynaptic cell membrane.
D opens voltage-gated Ca 2+ channels in the presynaptic membrane.
E is a direct result of the opening of ligand-gated channels permeable to both Na + and K + ions in the pre-synaptic cell
Question #32
A All sensory information that reaches the brain can be experienced as a conscious sensation.
B The term “sensory unit” refers to a group of receptors that receive a particular stimulus and the afferent neuron associated with those receptors.
C The term “adequate stimulus” means that a stimulus is strong enough to be detected.
D Sensory information that leads to conscious awareness of the stimulus is called transduction.
E Some sensory receptors are modifications of the peripheral endings of efferent neurons.
Question #33
A produce myelin
B physically support neurons.
C are important in the repair of brain injuries and in neural scar formation.
D produce the CSF
E can take up excess neurotransmitters
F are part of the blood-brain barrier.
Question #34
A It is not altered by changing concentration gradients of permeating ions.
B in neurons, it is created mainly by potassium ion leakage
C It requires ions to be distributed unevenly across the plasma membrane of a cell.
D Only nerve and muscle cells have a potential difference across the membrane at rest.
E It has the same value in all cells.
F It is oriented so that the cell’s interior is negative with respect to the extracellular fluid.
Question #35
A histamine
B acetylcholine
C serotonin
D norepinephrine
Question #36
A dopamine
B acetylcholine
C serotonin
D histamine
Question #37
A histamine
B serotonin
C norepinephrine
D acetylcholine
Question #38
A norepinephrine
B acetylcholine
C dopamine
D histamine
Question #39
A acetylcholine
B serotonin
C dopamine
D norepinephrine
Question #40
A Vision
B Sound
C Cold and warmth
D pain
E Proprioception
F Pressure
Question #41
A they secrete dopamine
B they can excite or inhibit skeletal muscles
C they are part of the final common pathway
D they are also known as somatic motor neurons
E their activity is influenced by upper motor neurons
F they exit from the anterior gray horn
Question #42
A K+ leak channels.
B Na+ leak channels
C Na+/K+ pumps.
D Na+ voltage-gated channels.
Question #43
A Presbyopia is a condition in which the lens cannot accommodate adequately for near vision.
B Cataract is an increase in opacity (clouding) of the lens.
C Myopia is a condition in which the lens focuses light from distant objects behind the retina.
D The image of an object that is focused on the retina is upside down relative to the object’s actual position in space.
E The cornea refracts light rays more strongly than the lens.
Question #44
A An action potential generated by a threshold stimulus is the same size as one generated by a supra-threshold stimulus.
B Action potentials travel in both directions along the axon.
C Action potentials are usually initiated at the axon hillock of a neuron.
D An action potential generates a new action potential in an adjacent area of membrane.
E An action potential generates a local current that depolarizes adjacent membrane to threshold potential.
Question #45
A caudate nucleus
B globus pallidus
C mammilary body
D putamen
E cingulate gyrus
F substantia nigra
Question #46
A is comprised of lower motor neurons controlled by local circuit neurons and upper motor neurons arising from the cerebellum
B always results in muscle contraction
C is comprised of lower motor neurons controlled by upper motor neurons arising from the motor cortex
D is comprised of lower motor neurons controlled by local circuit neurons
E occurs in unmyelinated nerve fibers.
Question #47
A voluntary initiation of movement.
B personality traits.
C control of breathing, circulation, and digestion.
D language ability
E final sensory perception
F
Question #48
A delta motor neurons
B nictonic motor neurons
C lower motor neurons
D gamma motor neurons
E upper motor neurons
Question #49
A White, Gray
B Gray, White
C Brown, Gray
D Black, White
Question #50
A are specialized endings of afferent neurons called chemoreceptors
B bind chemicals called odorants
C are replaced by cells known as basal cells.
D when stimulated send impulses both to the limbic system and to the cortex for perception of smell.
Question #51
A cataract.
B myopia.
C glaucoma.
D presbyopia.
E hyperopia.
Question #52
A bind with norepinephrine released from sympathetic postganglionic fibers.
B are found primarily in the heart.
C bind acetylcholine released from parasympathetic preganglionic fibers.
D bind acetylcholine released from both sympathetic and parasympathetic preganglionic fibers.
E bind acetylcholine released from both sympathetic and parasympathetic postganglionic fibers.
Question #53
A They are action potentials.
B They can be graded and vary with stimulus strength.
C They generally occur at the axon hillock of afferent neurons.
D They always trigger action potentials.
E They propagate without decrement.
Question #54
A TRUE
B FALSE
Question #55
A Photoreceptors
B Nociceptors
C Proprioceptors
D Mechanoreceptors
E Chemoreceptors
Question #56
A muscarinic
B nicotinic
C adrenergic
Question #57
A flatteningof the lens.
B dilation of the pupil.
C activation of the sympathetic nervous system.
D increased rounding of the cornea.
E contraction of the ciliary muscles.
Question #58
A The photoreceptor cell membranebecomes depolarized.
B The photoreceptor cells are stimulated and fireaction potentials.
C The concentration of cyclic GMP inside cells increases.
D There is an increase in neurotransmitter release from photoreceptor cells.
E The chromophore retinal undergoes a change of shape.
Question #59
A frontal lobes of the cerebral cortex
B somatosensory cortex
C temporal lobes of the cerebral cortex
D occipital lobes of the cerebral cortex
E limbic system
Question #60
A The plasma membrane is completely impermeable to potassium ions.
B The plasma membrane is completely impermeable to sodium ions.
C The permeability of the plasma membrane to potassium ions is much greater than its permeability to sodium ions.
D The concentration of sodium ion is greater inside the cell than outside.
E The plasma membrane is most permeable to sodium ions.
Question #61
A FALSE
B TRUE
Question #62
A Both near and distance vision are fine, but changing back and forth between them becomes difficult
B No light will enter the eye and blindness will result
C Near vision (e.g., reading a book)
D Distance vision (e.g., reading a street sign)
E Both near and distance vision are compromised
Question #63
A 1,3,2,5,7,6,8,4,9,10
B 1,4,8,7,3,2,5,6,9,10
C 1,3,2,6,5,9,10,4,8,7
D 1,4,7,8,3,2,6,5,9,10
Question #64
A Long parasympathetic preganglionic fibers end at the terminal ganglia, which lie in or near the effector organ.
B Terminal ganglia lie in a chain located along either side of the spinal cord.
C The terminal ganglia contain muscarinic receptors.
D Terminal ganglia are the final common pathway for the autonomic nervous system.
E the otic ganglia are found near the parotid gland
F Terminal ganglia give rise to sympathetic neurons
Question #65
A 2, 1, 5, 4, 3
B 1, 4, 3, 2, 5
C 3, 1, 4, 5, 2
D 1, 2, 3, 5, 4
E 5, 4, 3, 1, 2