Lecture Exam 1 (A)

A  Synthesis and packaging of proteins for secretion from the cell or export to other organelles

B  Digestion of engulfed bacteria and cellular debris

C  Generation of ATP

D  Transcription of DNA into RNA

E  Synthesis of lipids and intracellular storage of calcium ions

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Substance Y will diffuse faster.

B  Substance X will diffuse faster.

C  Substance X and Substance Y will diffuse at the same rate, as they are of equal size and concentration.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  The term “osmolarity” refers to the osmotic properties of a solution, regardless of its tonicity.

B  Hypoosmotic solutions are always hypotonic.

C  The term “tonicity” refers to the effect that a solution has on the degree of stretch or shrinking of the cell membrane.

D  Isotonic solutions are always isoosmotic.

E  Hypertonic solutions are always hyperosmotic.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  It will swell in size.

B  It will stay the same size.

C  The result can’t be predicted

D  It will shrink in size.

A  are nonspecific.

B  only allow ions to move from the intracellular fluid out of the cell.

C  only allow ions to move from the extracellular fluid into the cell.

D  may open in response to binding a ligand.

E  are not affected by differences in electrical potential across the membrane.

A  It is an amphipathic molecule.

B  It is a polar molecule.

C  It is a nonpolar molecule.

A  Transcribing a signal sequence onto proteins destined for secretion

B  Sorting of proteins destined for various locations in the cell

C  Packaging enzymes destined for lysosomes

D  Addition of carbohydrate groups to proteins

E  Modifying proteins destined for secretion

A  peroxisomes

B  ribosomes

C  lysosomes

D  endosomes

E  mitochondria

A  They can form different numbers of chemical bonds.

B  They have different numbers of neutrons.

C  They have different numbers of protons.

D  They have different numbers of electrons.

E  They have different number of energy shells

A  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell decrease to 0.5 millimolar.

B  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell shrink.

C  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 5 millimolar.

D  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell swell.

E  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 1 millimolar.

A  are nonspecific.

B  only allow ions to move from the extracellular fluid into the cell.

C  only allow ions to move from the intracellular fluid out of the cell.

D  may open in response to binding a ligand.

E  are not affected by differences in electrical potential across the membrane.

A  nucleus.

B  plasma membrane.

C  Golgi apparatus.

D  mitochondria.

E  endoplasmic reticulum.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Phagocytosis

B  Hyperosmotic vesicular entrapment

C  Active transport

D  Hydrosmosis

E  Pinocytosis

A  polymerase

B  chemical

C  peptide

D  polypeptide

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Ribosomes

B  Peroxisomes

C  Mitochondria

D  Lysosomes

E  Endosomes

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Primary

B  Quaternary

C  Secondary

D  Tertiary

A  polysaturated

B  polypeptide

C  polyunsaturated

D  polymerase

A  6

B  8

C  2

D  1

E  4

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  It involves a specific membrane protein that functions as a carrier molecule.

B  It always involves the movement of substances against a concentration gradient.

C  It is always directly coupled to the splitting of ATP molecules.

D  There is no limit to how fast it can occur as the concentration gradient becomes larger.

E  It is the main mechanism fortransportinghydrophobic molecules across membranes.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Lipid molecules

B  Charged particles

C  Solutes

D  Water

E  Glucose

A  are catalysts in chemical reactions.

B  can be carbohydrate molecules.

C  have names generally ending in the suffix “-ose.”

D  are broken down during chemical reactions they catalyze.

E  are polymers of ATP that store large amounts of energy.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  is synonymous with the term “catabolism.”

B  is synonymous with the term “anabolism.”

C  is defined as the covalent modification and activationof a protein with binding sites for organic molecules.

D  refers to any chemical reaction that involves the production of energy.

E  refers to the synthesis and breakdown of organic molecules involved in cell structure and function.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell swell.

B  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 1 millimolar.

C  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell shrink.

D  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell decrease to 0.5 millimolar.

E  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 5 millimolar.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Synthesizing lipids

B  Manufacturing ribosomes

C  Making ATP

D  Breaking down carbohydrates

E  Dividing by mitosis

A  100 mM NaCl

B  100 mM MgCl 2

C  200 mM NaCl

D  400 mM urea

E  300 mM glucose

A  Atom

B  Lipophilic

C  Molecule

D  Ion

E  Polar

A  It has opposite electrical charge at each end.

B  It is covalent.

C  It has no net electrical charge.

D  It is ionized.

A  Modifying proteins synthesized on free ribosomes and allowing the distribution of modified proteins throughout the cell in vesicles

B  Digestion of engulfed bacteria and using oxygen to generate ATP

C  Synthesizing lipids and intracellular storage of calcium ions

D  Modifying proteins synthesized on ribosomes associated with granular endoplasmic reticulum and allowing the distribution of modified proteins throughout the cell in vesicles

E  Modifying proteins synthesized on free ribosomes and storing calcium ions

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Cholesterol molecules function to transport ions from one side of the plasma membrane to the other.

B  Some proteins integrated into the membrane serve as channels for the passage of nonpolar molecules through the membrane.

C  The plasma membrane is a layer of phospholipid molecules with their hyrophilic head groups in contact with the extracellular solution and the hydrophobic tail groups in contact with the intracellular solution.

D  The phospholipid bilayer is arranged so that the hydrophilic heads of the phospholipid molecule face the extra- and intracellular fluids.

E  Peripheral membrane proteins function as channels associated with transport of ions through the membrane.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Covalent bonds between purine and pyrimidine bases

B  Ionic bonds

C  Bonds between two cysteine amino acids

D  Van der Waals forces

E  Hydrogen bonds

A  0

B  1

C  30

D  90

E  10

A  Glycolysis

B  The breakdown of fatty acids to CO 2 and H 2O

C  Oxidative phosphorylation

D  Krebs cycle

E  None of the choices are correct.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  No effect on blood glucose level

B  Decrease blood glucose level

C  Increase blood glucose level

A  Storing organic chemicals for metabolism

B  Providing genetic information

C  Storing calcium ions

D  Generating ATP

E  Regulating the passage of molecules into and out of the cell

A  By acting as one of the reactant molecules

B  By decreasing the energy of activation

C  By increasing the temperature of a solution

D  By phosphorylating a reactant

E  By increasing the energy content of the product molecules

A  It refers to the cellular components of bone.

B  It refers to a network of cytoplasmic filaments.

C  It is important for cellular movement.

D  It helps to determine a cell’s shape.

E  It includes actin filaments.

A  Accommodation

B  Specificity

C  Inhibition

D  Acclimatization

E  Saturation