Lecture Exam 1 (A)

A  Generation of ATP

B  Transcription of DNA into RNA

C  Synthesis of lipids and intracellular storage of calcium ions

D  Digestion of engulfed bacteria and cellular debris

E  Synthesis and packaging of proteins for secretion from the cell or export to other organelles

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Substance X and Substance Y will diffuse at the same rate, as they are of equal size and concentration.

B  Substance Y will diffuse faster.

C  Substance X will diffuse faster.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  The term “tonicity” refers to the effect that a solution has on the degree of stretch or shrinking of the cell membrane.

B  The term “osmolarity” refers to the osmotic properties of a solution, regardless of its tonicity.

C  Isotonic solutions are always isoosmotic.

D  Hypertonic solutions are always hyperosmotic.

E  Hypoosmotic solutions are always hypotonic.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  It will stay the same size.

B  It will shrink in size.

C  It will swell in size.

D  The result can’t be predicted

A  are nonspecific.

B  are not affected by differences in electrical potential across the membrane.

C  only allow ions to move from the extracellular fluid into the cell.

D  only allow ions to move from the intracellular fluid out of the cell.

E  may open in response to binding a ligand.

A  It is an amphipathic molecule.

B  It is a nonpolar molecule.

C  It is a polar molecule.

A  Modifying proteins destined for secretion

B  Transcribing a signal sequence onto proteins destined for secretion

C  Sorting of proteins destined for various locations in the cell

D  Packaging enzymes destined for lysosomes

E  Addition of carbohydrate groups to proteins

A  lysosomes

B  endosomes

C  mitochondria

D  ribosomes

E  peroxisomes

A  They can form different numbers of chemical bonds.

B  They have different number of energy shells

C  They have different numbers of neutrons.

D  They have different numbers of electrons.

E  They have different numbers of protons.

A  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 1 millimolar.

B  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell decrease to 0.5 millimolar.

C  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell swell.

D  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell shrink.

E  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 5 millimolar.

A  are nonspecific.

B  only allow ions to move from the intracellular fluid out of the cell.

C  are not affected by differences in electrical potential across the membrane.

D  only allow ions to move from the extracellular fluid into the cell.

E  may open in response to binding a ligand.

A  plasma membrane.

B  nucleus.

C  Golgi apparatus.

D  endoplasmic reticulum.

E  mitochondria.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Pinocytosis

B  Hyperosmotic vesicular entrapment

C  Phagocytosis

D  Active transport

E  Hydrosmosis

A  polymerase

B  polypeptide

C  chemical

D  peptide

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Lysosomes

B  Ribosomes

C  Peroxisomes

D  Mitochondria

E  Endosomes

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Primary

B  Quaternary

C  Tertiary

D  Secondary

A  polymerase

B  polypeptide

C  polysaturated

D  polyunsaturated

A  2

B  4

C  8

D  1

E  6

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  It is the main mechanism fortransportinghydrophobic molecules across membranes.

B  It involves a specific membrane protein that functions as a carrier molecule.

C  There is no limit to how fast it can occur as the concentration gradient becomes larger.

D  It always involves the movement of substances against a concentration gradient.

E  It is always directly coupled to the splitting of ATP molecules.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Glucose

B  Water

C  Solutes

D  Lipid molecules

E  Charged particles

A  are polymers of ATP that store large amounts of energy.

B  have names generally ending in the suffix “-ose.”

C  are broken down during chemical reactions they catalyze.

D  are catalysts in chemical reactions.

E  can be carbohydrate molecules.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  refers to the synthesis and breakdown of organic molecules involved in cell structure and function.

B  is synonymous with the term “anabolism.”

C  is synonymous with the term “catabolism.”

D  refers to any chemical reaction that involves the production of energy.

E  is defined as the covalent modification and activationof a protein with binding sites for organic molecules.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 1 millimolar.

B  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell decrease to 0.5 millimolar.

C  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell swell.

D  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell shrink.

E  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 5 millimolar.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Breaking down carbohydrates

B  Dividing by mitosis

C  Making ATP

D  Manufacturing ribosomes

E  Synthesizing lipids

A  400 mM urea

B  100 mM NaCl

C  200 mM NaCl

D  300 mM glucose

E  100 mM MgCl 2

A  Polar

B  Molecule

C  Ion

D  Lipophilic

E  Atom

A  It has no net electrical charge.

B  It has opposite electrical charge at each end.

C  It is ionized.

D  It is covalent.

A  Modifying proteins synthesized on free ribosomes and allowing the distribution of modified proteins throughout the cell in vesicles

B  Synthesizing lipids and intracellular storage of calcium ions

C  Digestion of engulfed bacteria and using oxygen to generate ATP

D  Modifying proteins synthesized on ribosomes associated with granular endoplasmic reticulum and allowing the distribution of modified proteins throughout the cell in vesicles

E  Modifying proteins synthesized on free ribosomes and storing calcium ions

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  The plasma membrane is a layer of phospholipid molecules with their hyrophilic head groups in contact with the extracellular solution and the hydrophobic tail groups in contact with the intracellular solution.

B  The phospholipid bilayer is arranged so that the hydrophilic heads of the phospholipid molecule face the extra- and intracellular fluids.

C  Peripheral membrane proteins function as channels associated with transport of ions through the membrane.

D  Some proteins integrated into the membrane serve as channels for the passage of nonpolar molecules through the membrane.

E  Cholesterol molecules function to transport ions from one side of the plasma membrane to the other.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Covalent bonds between purine and pyrimidine bases

B  Bonds between two cysteine amino acids

C  Ionic bonds

D  Hydrogen bonds

E  Van der Waals forces

A  0

B  10

C  90

D  1

E  30

A  Glycolysis

B  The breakdown of fatty acids to CO 2 and H 2O

C  None of the choices are correct.

D  Oxidative phosphorylation

E  Krebs cycle

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  No effect on blood glucose level

B  Decrease blood glucose level

C  Increase blood glucose level

A  Storing calcium ions

B  Providing genetic information

C  Regulating the passage of molecules into and out of the cell

D  Storing organic chemicals for metabolism

E  Generating ATP

A  By phosphorylating a reactant

B  By acting as one of the reactant molecules

C  By increasing the temperature of a solution

D  By decreasing the energy of activation

E  By increasing the energy content of the product molecules

A  It refers to the cellular components of bone.

B  It is important for cellular movement.

C  It refers to a network of cytoplasmic filaments.

D  It helps to determine a cell’s shape.

E  It includes actin filaments.

A  Accommodation

B  Inhibition

C  Specificity

D  Acclimatization

E  Saturation