Lecture Exam 1 (A)

A  Digestion of engulfed bacteria and cellular debris

B  Synthesis of lipids and intracellular storage of calcium ions

C  Synthesis and packaging of proteins for secretion from the cell or export to other organelles

D  Generation of ATP

E  Transcription of DNA into RNA

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Substance X and Substance Y will diffuse at the same rate, as they are of equal size and concentration.

B  Substance Y will diffuse faster.

C  Substance X will diffuse faster.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  The term “osmolarity” refers to the osmotic properties of a solution, regardless of its tonicity.

B  The term “tonicity” refers to the effect that a solution has on the degree of stretch or shrinking of the cell membrane.

C  Isotonic solutions are always isoosmotic.

D  Hypoosmotic solutions are always hypotonic.

E  Hypertonic solutions are always hyperosmotic.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  It will shrink in size.

B  It will stay the same size.

C  It will swell in size.

D  The result can’t be predicted

A  are nonspecific.

B  are not affected by differences in electrical potential across the membrane.

C  only allow ions to move from the intracellular fluid out of the cell.

D  only allow ions to move from the extracellular fluid into the cell.

E  may open in response to binding a ligand.

A  It is an amphipathic molecule.

B  It is a nonpolar molecule.

C  It is a polar molecule.

A  Addition of carbohydrate groups to proteins

B  Transcribing a signal sequence onto proteins destined for secretion

C  Packaging enzymes destined for lysosomes

D  Sorting of proteins destined for various locations in the cell

E  Modifying proteins destined for secretion

A  mitochondria

B  peroxisomes

C  ribosomes

D  endosomes

E  lysosomes

A  They have different numbers of electrons.

B  They have different numbers of neutrons.

C  They can form different numbers of chemical bonds.

D  They have different number of energy shells

E  They have different numbers of protons.

A  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell decrease to 0.5 millimolar.

B  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 5 millimolar.

C  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell swell.

D  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 1 millimolar.

E  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell shrink.

A  are nonspecific.

B  only allow ions to move from the intracellular fluid out of the cell.

C  only allow ions to move from the extracellular fluid into the cell.

D  are not affected by differences in electrical potential across the membrane.

E  may open in response to binding a ligand.

A  plasma membrane.

B  Golgi apparatus.

C  nucleus.

D  mitochondria.

E  endoplasmic reticulum.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Hydrosmosis

B  Phagocytosis

C  Pinocytosis

D  Active transport

E  Hyperosmotic vesicular entrapment

A  polypeptide

B  polymerase

C  peptide

D  chemical

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Peroxisomes

B  Mitochondria

C  Ribosomes

D  Endosomes

E  Lysosomes

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Primary

B  Quaternary

C  Secondary

D  Tertiary

A  polysaturated

B  polypeptide

C  polyunsaturated

D  polymerase

A  6

B  8

C  1

D  2

E  4

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  It involves a specific membrane protein that functions as a carrier molecule.

B  It is always directly coupled to the splitting of ATP molecules.

C  There is no limit to how fast it can occur as the concentration gradient becomes larger.

D  It always involves the movement of substances against a concentration gradient.

E  It is the main mechanism fortransportinghydrophobic molecules across membranes.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Charged particles

B  Water

C  Glucose

D  Solutes

E  Lipid molecules

A  are catalysts in chemical reactions.

B  have names generally ending in the suffix “-ose.”

C  can be carbohydrate molecules.

D  are broken down during chemical reactions they catalyze.

E  are polymers of ATP that store large amounts of energy.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  is defined as the covalent modification and activationof a protein with binding sites for organic molecules.

B  is synonymous with the term “catabolism.”

C  refers to any chemical reaction that involves the production of energy.

D  is synonymous with the term “anabolism.”

E  refers to the synthesis and breakdown of organic molecules involved in cell structure and function.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell swell.

B  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 5 millimolar.

C  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 1 millimolar.

D  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell decrease to 0.5 millimolar.

E  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell shrink.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Breaking down carbohydrates

B  Synthesizing lipids

C  Manufacturing ribosomes

D  Dividing by mitosis

E  Making ATP

A  100 mM MgCl 2

B  100 mM NaCl

C  200 mM NaCl

D  400 mM urea

E  300 mM glucose

A  Ion

B  Atom

C  Molecule

D  Polar

E  Lipophilic

A  It is covalent.

B  It is ionized.

C  It has opposite electrical charge at each end.

D  It has no net electrical charge.

A  Modifying proteins synthesized on ribosomes associated with granular endoplasmic reticulum and allowing the distribution of modified proteins throughout the cell in vesicles

B  Modifying proteins synthesized on free ribosomes and storing calcium ions

C  Modifying proteins synthesized on free ribosomes and allowing the distribution of modified proteins throughout the cell in vesicles

D  Synthesizing lipids and intracellular storage of calcium ions

E  Digestion of engulfed bacteria and using oxygen to generate ATP

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  The phospholipid bilayer is arranged so that the hydrophilic heads of the phospholipid molecule face the extra- and intracellular fluids.

B  The plasma membrane is a layer of phospholipid molecules with their hyrophilic head groups in contact with the extracellular solution and the hydrophobic tail groups in contact with the intracellular solution.

C  Peripheral membrane proteins function as channels associated with transport of ions through the membrane.

D  Cholesterol molecules function to transport ions from one side of the plasma membrane to the other.

E  Some proteins integrated into the membrane serve as channels for the passage of nonpolar molecules through the membrane.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Van der Waals forces

B  Ionic bonds

C  Bonds between two cysteine amino acids

D  Covalent bonds between purine and pyrimidine bases

E  Hydrogen bonds

A  30

B  0

C  1

D  10

E  90

A  The breakdown of fatty acids to CO 2 and H 2O

B  Oxidative phosphorylation

C  Glycolysis

D  None of the choices are correct.

E  Krebs cycle

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  No effect on blood glucose level

B  Increase blood glucose level

C  Decrease blood glucose level

A  Generating ATP

B  Storing organic chemicals for metabolism

C  Storing calcium ions

D  Regulating the passage of molecules into and out of the cell

E  Providing genetic information

A  By increasing the energy content of the product molecules

B  By phosphorylating a reactant

C  By increasing the temperature of a solution

D  By decreasing the energy of activation

E  By acting as one of the reactant molecules

A  It includes actin filaments.

B  It refers to a network of cytoplasmic filaments.

C  It refers to the cellular components of bone.

D  It helps to determine a cell’s shape.

E  It is important for cellular movement.

A  Specificity

B  Inhibition

C  Acclimatization

D  Accommodation

E  Saturation