Lecture Exam 1 (A)

A  Transcription of DNA into RNA

B  Synthesis of lipids and intracellular storage of calcium ions

C  Generation of ATP

D  Synthesis and packaging of proteins for secretion from the cell or export to other organelles

E  Digestion of engulfed bacteria and cellular debris

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Substance Y will diffuse faster.

B  Substance X will diffuse faster.

C  Substance X and Substance Y will diffuse at the same rate, as they are of equal size and concentration.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Isotonic solutions are always isoosmotic.

B  The term “osmolarity” refers to the osmotic properties of a solution, regardless of its tonicity.

C  Hypertonic solutions are always hyperosmotic.

D  Hypoosmotic solutions are always hypotonic.

E  The term “tonicity” refers to the effect that a solution has on the degree of stretch or shrinking of the cell membrane.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  The result can’t be predicted

B  It will shrink in size.

C  It will swell in size.

D  It will stay the same size.

A  may open in response to binding a ligand.

B  are not affected by differences in electrical potential across the membrane.

C  are nonspecific.

D  only allow ions to move from the extracellular fluid into the cell.

E  only allow ions to move from the intracellular fluid out of the cell.

A  It is a nonpolar molecule.

B  It is an amphipathic molecule.

C  It is a polar molecule.

A  Sorting of proteins destined for various locations in the cell

B  Modifying proteins destined for secretion

C  Packaging enzymes destined for lysosomes

D  Addition of carbohydrate groups to proteins

E  Transcribing a signal sequence onto proteins destined for secretion

A  endosomes

B  lysosomes

C  peroxisomes

D  mitochondria

E  ribosomes

A  They have different numbers of neutrons.

B  They can form different numbers of chemical bonds.

C  They have different numbers of protons.

D  They have different number of energy shells

E  They have different numbers of electrons.

A  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell shrink.

B  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell swell.

C  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell decrease to 0.5 millimolar.

D  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 5 millimolar.

E  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 1 millimolar.

A  only allow ions to move from the extracellular fluid into the cell.

B  are nonspecific.

C  may open in response to binding a ligand.

D  only allow ions to move from the intracellular fluid out of the cell.

E  are not affected by differences in electrical potential across the membrane.

A  Golgi apparatus.

B  mitochondria.

C  nucleus.

D  plasma membrane.

E  endoplasmic reticulum.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Hydrosmosis

B  Phagocytosis

C  Hyperosmotic vesicular entrapment

D  Pinocytosis

E  Active transport

A  polypeptide

B  chemical

C  peptide

D  polymerase

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Mitochondria

B  Lysosomes

C  Endosomes

D  Peroxisomes

E  Ribosomes

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Quaternary

B  Secondary

C  Primary

D  Tertiary

A  polysaturated

B  polyunsaturated

C  polypeptide

D  polymerase

A  8

B  2

C  1

D  6

E  4

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  There is no limit to how fast it can occur as the concentration gradient becomes larger.

B  It is always directly coupled to the splitting of ATP molecules.

C  It always involves the movement of substances against a concentration gradient.

D  It is the main mechanism fortransportinghydrophobic molecules across membranes.

E  It involves a specific membrane protein that functions as a carrier molecule.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Glucose

B  Water

C  Lipid molecules

D  Solutes

E  Charged particles

A  are catalysts in chemical reactions.

B  are broken down during chemical reactions they catalyze.

C  are polymers of ATP that store large amounts of energy.

D  can be carbohydrate molecules.

E  have names generally ending in the suffix “-ose.”

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  refers to the synthesis and breakdown of organic molecules involved in cell structure and function.

B  is synonymous with the term “catabolism.”

C  is synonymous with the term “anabolism.”

D  refers to any chemical reaction that involves the production of energy.

E  is defined as the covalent modification and activationof a protein with binding sites for organic molecules.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell decrease to 0.5 millimolar.

B  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 1 millimolar.

C  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell swell.

D  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 5 millimolar.

E  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell shrink.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Dividing by mitosis

B  Synthesizing lipids

C  Breaking down carbohydrates

D  Making ATP

E  Manufacturing ribosomes

A  100 mM NaCl

B  400 mM urea

C  100 mM MgCl 2

D  300 mM glucose

E  200 mM NaCl

A  Molecule

B  Lipophilic

C  Atom

D  Polar

E  Ion

A  It is covalent.

B  It has opposite electrical charge at each end.

C  It has no net electrical charge.

D  It is ionized.

A  Modifying proteins synthesized on ribosomes associated with granular endoplasmic reticulum and allowing the distribution of modified proteins throughout the cell in vesicles

B  Modifying proteins synthesized on free ribosomes and storing calcium ions

C  Digestion of engulfed bacteria and using oxygen to generate ATP

D  Modifying proteins synthesized on free ribosomes and allowing the distribution of modified proteins throughout the cell in vesicles

E  Synthesizing lipids and intracellular storage of calcium ions

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Some proteins integrated into the membrane serve as channels for the passage of nonpolar molecules through the membrane.

B  Cholesterol molecules function to transport ions from one side of the plasma membrane to the other.

C  The phospholipid bilayer is arranged so that the hydrophilic heads of the phospholipid molecule face the extra- and intracellular fluids.

D  The plasma membrane is a layer of phospholipid molecules with their hyrophilic head groups in contact with the extracellular solution and the hydrophobic tail groups in contact with the intracellular solution.

E  Peripheral membrane proteins function as channels associated with transport of ions through the membrane.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Covalent bonds between purine and pyrimidine bases

B  Van der Waals forces

C  Bonds between two cysteine amino acids

D  Ionic bonds

E  Hydrogen bonds

A  10

B  1

C  30

D  90

E  0

A  Krebs cycle

B  Oxidative phosphorylation

C  The breakdown of fatty acids to CO 2 and H 2O

D  None of the choices are correct.

E  Glycolysis

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Increase blood glucose level

B  No effect on blood glucose level

C  Decrease blood glucose level

A  Storing organic chemicals for metabolism

B  Providing genetic information

C  Storing calcium ions

D  Regulating the passage of molecules into and out of the cell

E  Generating ATP

A  By acting as one of the reactant molecules

B  By increasing the temperature of a solution

C  By phosphorylating a reactant

D  By increasing the energy content of the product molecules

E  By decreasing the energy of activation

A  It refers to the cellular components of bone.

B  It refers to a network of cytoplasmic filaments.

C  It includes actin filaments.

D  It helps to determine a cell’s shape.

E  It is important for cellular movement.

A  Specificity

B  Acclimatization

C  Accommodation

D  Inhibition

E  Saturation